| With the development of science and the enhancement of human ability to transform nature,human beings have accelerated the destruction of the ecological environment while promoting rapid economic development.The most prominent performances are air pollution,land desertification,desertification,soil erosion,and biodiversity.Sharp cuts and so on.The population crisis,resource crisis and ecological crisis are becoming more and more serious,posing a great threat to the survival and development of mankind.Ecological environmental protection and ecological civilization construction have become China's top priorities.Scientific identification and evaluation of the quality of a region's ecological environment is one of the effective ways to improve and maintain the ecological environment of the region.In this study,Suihua City,Heilongjiang Province was selected as the research area.According to the natural factors such as topography,vegetation,land use,soil and climate of the study area,the ecological environment of land landscape pattern,soil erosion and land desertification in the study area was analyzed,and the study area was described.Based on the main ecological and environmental problems,the ecological sensitivity evaluation index system is constructed on the basis of this,and the comprehensive evaluation method and spatial analysis method are used to realize the ecological sensitivity evaluation and spatial distribution of the study area,and based on this,the ecological environment sustainable development of the study area is proposed.Countermeasures and Suggestions.The main findings of the study are as follows:(1)Analysis of landscape pattern index shows that the largest plaque has a landscape area ratio(LPI)of 48.58,the landscape contagion index CONTAG is 57.98,the landscape plaque cohesion COHESION is 98.35,the landscape separation degree is DIVISION is 0.74,SIDI,SHDI SIEI and SHEI differ greatly,and the IJI value is 54.66.The overall situation shows that the landscape pattern of Suihua City is relatively stable,the human activities are strongly interfered,the dominant species are not obvious,the landscape diversity is low,and the landscape has strong vulnerability.As a whole,the landscape is distributed in strips or rings,which is greatly affected by topography and hydrogeology.(2)According to the common soil erosion equation,the soil erosion in Suihua area is analyzed.The sensitivity of soil erosion in Suihua City is gradually increased from insensitivity to sensitivity from east to west.The area with the largest soil erosion is the light sensitive area,with an area of20,842 km2,accounting for 59.8 percent of the total area of the basin;followed by a moderately sensitive area with an area of 5,745 km2,accounting for 16.5 percentage points;insensitive and highly sensitive areas The area is 6150km2 and 2080km2,respectively,accounting for 17.8 percentand 5.9 percent of the total area.From the perspective of spatial distribution,the insensitive areas are mainly distributed in the hilly areas of the northeastern part of the country,showing a concentrated distribution trend.The land use types are mainly forest land or grassland,and the degree of human disturbance is small.The light sensitive areas are mainly distributed in the middle of the study area.Interspersed with moderately sensitive and insensitive areas,the administrative area is mainly concentrated in most of Helen,Anda City,Zhaodong City,Wangkui City,the west of Qinggang County,the northwest of Lanxi County and the southern part of Mingshui County.The moderately sensitive and highly sensitive areas are mainly concentrated in the southwest corner of the study area.The superimposed land use map,DEM and river distribution maps show that the terrain is flat,mainly for river terraces and floodplain,with a large number of erosion ditch and land.The type of utilization is mainly dry land.(3)Sensitivity analysis of land desertification shows that the sensitivity of land desertification in Suihua City is mainly mild sensitivity,with an area of 29,732 km2,accounting for 85.33% of the total area;followed by insensitive areas with an area of 4,905 km2,accounting for 14.07% of the total area.The area of moderately sensitive area is 205km2,accounting for 0.6% of the total area.In the county distribution,there were moderately sensitive areas in Anda and Jidong,accounting for 2.56% and 2.41% respectively;the area of Wangkuiqing insensitive area was significant,respectively 1232.50 km2 and 1442.20 km2,followed by Suihua and Anda,with an area of More than 600km2.The order of light sensitive area from large to small is: Jidong > Helen > Qing'an >Qiling > Anda > Qinggang > Mingshui > Lanxi > Suihua > Wangkui.(4)The comprehensive sensitivity evaluation results show that the ecological comprehensive sensitivity of the study area is mainly mild,only the southwestern part has a moderately sensitive and highly sensitive interactive mosaic pattern,and a small part of the central part has insensitive areas.Area distribution: light sensitivity 26789km2,area ratio 59.73%;moderate sensitivity5774km2,area ratio 12.27%;high sensitivity 2080km2,area ratio 4.6%;insensitive area only203km2,accounting for only 0.45 %.Highly sensitive areas are mainly concentrated in Jidong,followed by Helen,Anda and Lanxi.The moderately sensitive area is mainly concentrated in Anda and Jidong;the mild sensitivity is mainly concentrated in the eastern Qing'an and Qilian,followed by Helen,and the other sensitive areas are mainly concentrated between 1500-2500km2;the insensitive areas are mainly concentrated in the hope.Within the territory of Kui County. |
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