Studies On The Production Of Glutathione And 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone From Defatted Wheat Germ By Yeast Fermentation

Wheat is one of the world's three major food products,and nearly half of the world's population uses it as a staple food crop.The large-scale cultivation of wheat has also promoted the rapid development of the milling industry,and in the processing of flour,wheat germ is often rejected because of its taste and physicochemical properties.According to the research,after biological fermentation of wheat germ,the content of bioactive substances such as glutathione and 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone increased in the fermentation extract.Reduced glutathione can protect biofilm,resist aging,detoxify,prevent arteriosclerosis,protect erythrocyte membrane protein thiol from oxidation,and inhibit fatty liver caused by excessive drinking;2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone not only can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of a variety of pathogenic bacteria,but also can eliminate free radicals in the body and inhibit the metastasis of malignant tumors.At present,wheat germs are used as fermentation raw materials at home and abroad,and there are relatively few scholars to study the changes of bioactive substances in their fermentation extracts.Therefore,the development and utilization related to wheat germ still has great potential.In-depth study using defatted wheat germ as raw material is conducive to improving the comprehensive utilization level of wheat germ at the current stage,and also providing a guarantee for the plant source of biologically active natural products.The paper optimized the fermentation conditions by single factor test and orthogonal test to increase the yield of reduced glutathione and 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone in the fermentation broth.At the same time,the biological activity of the lyophilized extract of defatted wheat germ fermentation was studied.This paper aims to increase the value of defatted wheat germ by optimizing the fermentation process to increase the yield of bioactive substances.The main findings of the paper are as follows:1.Using the yield of reduced glutathione and 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone in the fermentation products of defatted wheat germ as indicators,the test results were analyzed by single factor test and orthogonal test to determine the influencing factors.The optimal fermentation conditions for the production of reduced glutathione were as follows: the ratio of material to liquid was 1:6,the addition amount of strain was 4 g,the fermentation time was 48 h,and the breaking time was 8 h.The reduced glutathione content in the fermentation broth was 435.97 mg/L.The optimum fermentation conditions for 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone were as follows: the ratio of material to liquid was 1:12,the inoculum was 4 g,and the fermentation time was 16 h;at this time,the fermentation lyophilizate extract was measured 2,6 The yield of dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone was 2361.55 ?g/L.The inhibitory effect of the extract of fermented wheat germ lyophilizate on seven microorganisms was determined by the Oxford Cup method.The prepared fermented wheat germ freeze-dried extract has no inhibitory effect on yeast and mold.With the prolongation of the fermentation time of the fermented wheat germ freeze-dried extract,the inhibition rate of the test bacteria shows an upward trend,and the final inhibition rate is More than 50%.In the minimum inhibitory concentration test,the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the fermented wheat germ lyophilizate extract against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Salmonella were 80 mg/mL,80 mg/mL,and 100 mg/mL,respectively.4.The defatted wheat germ fermentation lyophilized material was able to remove superoxide anion radicals,DPPH free radicals and hydroxyl radicals.The results of the analysis showed that as the concentration of freeze-dried wheat germ fermentation increased,the scavenging effect on the three free radicals gradually increased.The fermented wheat germ lyophilizate extract with a concentration of 20 mg/mL has a certain scavenging effect on the three free radicals to be tested.The DPPH free radical scavenging rate is 49%,and the hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radicals have a certain scavenging effect,and the scavenging rate is less than 30%.