The Effects Of Blueberry Anthocyanin Components On The Regulation Of Glucolipid Metabolism And Blood Pressure In Human Cell Model

Anthocyanins are flavonoid compounds with beneficial activities that prevent and treat a variety of chronic diseases stimulated by oxidative stress,including cardiovascular diseases,neurodegenerative diseases,cancer,and diabetes.Blueberry fruits contain a large amount of anthocyanins,which play an important role in improving glycolipid metabolism,regulating blood pressure,and preventing diabetes and hypertension.This project investigated the effects of blueberry anthocyanins on glucolipid metabolism and their mechanism in HepG2 cells via AMPK signaling pathway.In addition,the anti-oxidative and vasodilative effects of blueberry anthocyanins and their mechanisms were studied based on the activation of eNOS-NO-PI3K-PKB/AKT-PPAR? in HUVEC cells.This study analyzed the hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic,and hypotensive effects of blueberry anthocyanins at the cellular and molecular levels,and provided a theoretical basis for the development and application of blueberry anthocyanins as a functional food ingredient or nutraceutical.The results obtained were as follows:(1)In this study,ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to extract anthocyanins from blueberry fruits cultivated in Nanjing.Response surface methodology was successfully used to optimize the extraction yield of blueberry anthocyanins.The best extraction conditions were as follows:72.50%ethanol acidified with 0.02%hydrochloric acid as solvent,20:1 as liquid-to-solid ratio,24 h as extraction time,and 30? as extraction temperature.Under these conditions,the yield of anthocyanins reached 16.21±0.44 mg/g.The crude extract was purified by using AB-8 macroporous resin.The best purification conditions were as follows:70.0%ethanol solution acidified with 0.02%hydrochloric acid as eluent,and 24 h as adsorption time.Under these conditions,the purity of blueberry anthocyanin extract was 78.9%.13 kinds of anthocyanins were detected from the purified extract by HPLC and LC-ESI-MS analysis.Malvidin derivatives had the highest level among the anthocyanins.(2)In this study,blueberry anthocyanin extract,malvidin,and its derivatives showed the powerful anti-oxidant effects by inhibiting ROS formation and restoring the cell viabilities in high glucose-stimulated HepG2 cells.Pretreatment with blueberry anthocyanin extract,malvidin,malvidin-3-glucoside,and malvidin-3-galactoside significantly up-regulated AMPK activation and down-regulated the expression levels of glucose transporter 2,gluconeogenesis,glycogenolysis,and lipogenesis in high glucose-induced HepG2 cells.Therefore,blueberry anthocyanin extract,malvidin,and its derivatives exerted the powerful anti-diabetic activities by reducing the hepatic glucolipid production and maintaining glucolipid homeostasis.(3)In this study,blueberry anthocyanin extract,malvidin,and its derivatives showed the powerful anti-oxidant effects by inhibiting ROS production and restoring the cell viabilities in high glucose-stimulated HUVEC cells.Pretreatment of blueberry anthocyanin extract,malvidin,malvidin-3-glucoside,and malvidin-3-galactoside significantly up-regulated the expression levels of vasodilators and down-regulated the expression levels of vasoconstrictors in high glucose-induced HUVEC cells.Therefore,blueberry anthocyanin extract,malvidin,and its derivatives showed the powerful anti-hypertensive activities by improving vascular health.