| Camellia oleifera is a unique natural high-quality woody oil tree species in China.Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu is a special kind of Camellia oleifera,which has comprehensive value of medicine,oil,ornament and garden planting.On account of high contents of monounsaturated fatty acid and rich active substances,the quality of oil extracted from Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu seeds is better than that extracted from normal white flower Camellia seeds.In this study,eleven kinds of representative Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu seeds were collected from different areas of Zhejiang Province.The raw material characters were evaluated,including the kernel yield and the contents of crude fat rate,crude protein,insoluble fibre,total sugar and reducing sugar,as well as the oil quality was examined including the fatty acid composition and the contents of qualene,vitamin E,tea polyphenols and tea saponin.To compare the 11 kinds of Camellia seeds,the comprehensive evaluation was carried out by grey correlation method.Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu oil were extracted from 11 Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu seeds by supercritical CO2,cold pressing and hot pressing method,and the fatty acid composition,active substance content,mineral element content and amino acid content of Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu oil were analyzed.Finally using Drosophila melanogaster as experimental material,the effects of active component extracts from white flower Camellia oil and Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu oil added into the diets were studied on the longevity,feeding,fecundity,SOD activity and MDA content.In addition,the gene expression and intestinal microbial community of Drosophila melanogaster were further explored to conclude the possible mechanism of oil extracts affecting Drosophila senescence.(1)The crude fat content of dried seed kernel was 57.31%~68.78%,crude protein 6.92%~10.64%,total sugar content was 20.41%~28.90%.In the Camellia oil,oleic acid mass fraction was 81.93%~84.42%,unsaturated fatty acid mass fraction was 87.81%~89.88%,α-vitamin E was 36.23~58.46 mg/ 100 g,squalene was 16.80~53.56 mg/100 g,tea polyphenol was 43.44~76.76 μg/g,and tea saponin was 2.36~4.86 mg/g.The mean crude fat content of dried seed kernel,oleic acid mass fraction and tea polyphenol content of Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu oil were all higher than that of normal Camellia oils,and oleic acid mass fraction was higher than that of other safflower Camellia oils.By the analysis of grey correlation degree method,Fangcun town in Changshan county was considered as the optimal sampling site on the basis of comprehensive comparison of raw material characteristics and oil quality index.(2)The contents of fatty acids,tea polyphenols and tea saponins in Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu oil extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction were not significantly affected by the three processes;the contents of α-vitamin E and squalene in the oil extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction were significantly higher than those extracted by hot pressing and cold pressing(p<0.01);the contents of Ca,K,Mg,Na,Fe and Mn in the oil extracted by hot pressing were significantly higher than those extracted by supercritical extraction and cold pressing(p<0.05).The content of Fe in oil produced by cold pressing is higher than that by supercritical extraction(p<0.05).The contents of Cu and Zn in the oils produced by supercritical extraction were higher than these of oils produced by cold pressing and hot pressing(p<0.05).The contents of amino acids in oil produced by hot pressing method were higher than those by cold pressing and supercritical extraction(p<0.05).The effect of production technology was obvious on the contents of micro-nutrients in Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu oil.(3)The active substances of Camellia oil from white flower and safflower could prolong the longevity,median longevity and average longevity of male and female Drosophila melanogaster,increase SOD activity and decrease MDA content of Drosophila melanogaster.The reproduction and feeding were also promoted for Drosophila melanogaster feeding the mediums including the extracts.For male Drosophila melanogaster,the expression of Cu,Zn-SOD gene,Egfr gene and MAPK gene was up-regulated,while for female Drosophila melanogaster,the expression of S6 K gene and MAPK gene was up-regulated.For intestinal microbial community,the oil extracts could affect the microbial composition,including in decreasing the microbiota diversity and increasing the relative abundance of some kinds of microorganisms,such as the Proteobacteria at the phylum level,Alphaproteobacteria at the dominant classes,and Pseudomonas and Phyllobacterium at genus level.The biological effects of Camellia oil extract on delaying senescence of Drosophila melanogaster are mainly manifested in promoting antioxidant or anti-inflammatory effects,but not in adjusting intestinal microbial communities. |
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