Research On Decision Of Closed-Loop Supply Chain Under Carbon Quota And Transaction Policy

With the rapid development of science and technology and economy,the massive use of fossil fuels such as oil and coal,environmental pollution has gradually increased,threatening the normal life of human beings.In this context,in order to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction and sustainable development,the government implements carbon allowances and trading policies,and subsidizes carbon supply emission reduction for supply chain members,and manufacturing enterprises increase investment in carbon emission reduction technologies.At the same time,as consumers' awareness of environmental protection is getting higher and higher,the low-carbon economy has become an inevitable trend in future economic development.In the context of the government's implementation of carbon allowances and trading policies,this paper studies the secondary closed-loop supply chain followed by manufacturers and retailers,and studies carbon emission reduction technologies,carbon emission reduction technologies,and government separation.The decision-making and coordination of the closed-loop supply chain in the four cases of carbon emission reduction subsidies to the production of low-carbon products and consumer subsidies for low-carbon products.The results show that there are the following results in four cases:(1)There are optimal decisions of the members of the closed-loop supply chain,and the Pareto improvement of the members of the supply chain can be achieved by adopting the cost-sharing-benefit-sharing contract.(2)The incremental function of the free carbon emission quota provided by the government by the overall profit of the supply chain has nothing to do with other decision variables;in a certain range,the unit carbon emission of new products will decrease with the increase of the market transaction price of carbon emission rights,but the change trend is opposite when exceeding a specific range.(3)The unit carbon emission of new products and the recycling price of waste products of retailers both increase with the increase of the unit cost of manufacturer's production of new products,and the production and emission reduction of products decrease with the increase of the unit cost of manufacturer's production of new products;the relationship between decision variables and the unit cost of manufacturer's production of remanufactured products is opposite.In the absence of carbon emission reduction technology,retailer's unit price,manufacturer's product output and overall supply chain profit increase with the increase of initial market share;in the other three cases,unit carbon emission of new products and retailer's recycling price of waste products decrease with the increase of initial market share,while manufacturer's product production and total carbon emission reduction increase with the increase of initial market share.The overall profit of the supply chain decreases first and then increases with the increase of the initial market share of the product.