Evaluation On The Value Of Ecosystem Service Function Of Guangzhou Haizhu National Wetland Park

Along with terrestrial and marine ecosystems,wetland ecosystems are considered one of the three major ecosystems on Earth.Vigorous life activities and material exchanges in the wetlands bring them higher vitality than other ecosystems.However,the rapid development of cities is likely to cause damage to the scale and ecological functions of the wetland,which in turn leads to a series of environmental problems.The value of ecosystem services is the economic embodiment of the contribution of the natural environment to human survival.The assessment of the value of ecosystem services in wetlands helps city managers to understand the value of wetland resources and develop a more comprehensive and reasonable protection policy.Guangzhou is located in the southern part of Guangdong Province,China,with a total area of 7434.4 square kilometers.The wetland ecosystem accounts for 10%of the total area of Guangzhou,wetland resources are extremely rich.Covering a total area of 1,100 hectares,Haizhu National Wetland Park,known as the“south kidney”of Guangzhou,is situated in the southeast of Haizhu District as well as the south of Guangzhou New Central Axis,and is adjacent to the Pearl River New Town which is the CBD of Guangzhou.Based on the open area of Guangzhou Haizhu National Wetland Park,this study comprehensively uses environmental,ecological,statistical and other theoretical methods to assess the value of ecosystem services in the study area,and verifies the applicability of using multiple methods in the park with empirical research.Focusing on analyzing the public differences in the willingness to protect Haizhu wetland,the study provides reference for the planning of both subsequent development of the wetland and Guangzhou's overall environmental education.Through interviews with staff in Haizhu Wetland Management Office and relevant experts,a total of 10 value evaluation indicators for“use value”and“non-use value”were determined.The total value of the ecosystem service function in the open area of Haizhu Wetland is approximately 4.33×10~9 yuan in 2017.Among them,“non-use value”(3.81×10~9yuan/year)>“use value”(5.24×10~8 yuan/year).Among“use values”,leisure tourism value(5.07×10~8 yuan/year)>water purification(8.31×10~6 yuan/year)>atmospheric composition adjustment(6.54×10~6 yuan/year)>research and science(1.17×10~6 yuan/year)>habitat provision(8.22×10~5 yuan/year)>rain and flood regulation(6.53×10~5 yuan/year).Among“non-use values”,heritage value(1.15×10~9 yuan/year)>option value(9.19×10~8 yuan/year)>cultural heritage value(9.04×10~8 yuan/year)>existence value(8.32×10~8 yuan/year).Due to the use of the parametric method in the“use value”assessment,it may result in an underestimation of the true amount of the“use value”of Haizhu wetland..Compared with the wetland resources of nature reserves,urban wetland parks have more interactions with the public.In the process of evaluating the value of ecosystem services in urban wetland parks,the emphasis on“non-use value”should be increased.When accounting for“non-use value”,interviews with experts from different fields and pre-surveys of ordinary people were combined,and aspects include environmental education,environmental management,environmental economy,financial economy,wetland management,etc.were comprehensively considered to design a targeted and easy-to-understand questionnaire.The 11 correlation indicators included in the survey can help better analyze the willingness to pay and payment amount of the respondents in Guangzhou,and some of the indicators can be applied according to the characteristics of the study area in the follow-up study.In the process of“non-use value”assessment,“work”payment is considered when obtaining the willingness to pay and the payment amount.The results show that the respondent's willingness to protect can't be measured by the contribution of money alone.Only considering the money payment factor will result in underestimation of“non-use value”.In depth analysis finds that public willingness to protect Haizhu wetland in Guangzhou is high and there are significant group differences:Guangzhou residents'willingness to pay for Haizhu wetland is 90.47%,the respondent's“gender”,“time of living locally”,“whether pay attention to the impact on the environment”,“monthly income”and“approval of wetland protection”are the main five factors affecting their willingness to pay.Correlation test of the amount paid by the respondent found that the respondent's“gender”,“age”,“whether have children”,“time of living locally”,“occupation”,“monthly income”,“place of residence”are the main seven factors affecting the amount of payment.According to these,targeted environmental education can be designed to fully mobilize the public's environmental enthusiasm,and further promote the construction of ecological civilization.