Distribution Characteristics Of Phthalates In Bottled Water And Edible Oil And Their Exposure Risk

Phthalates(PAEs),also known as plasticizers,are widely used in plastic products,which belong to endocrine disrupting compounds that may pose adverse effects to human.This essay investigated five phthalates(DBP,DEHP,DEP,BBP,and DMP)in global bottled water as well as 15 phthalates(DEHP,DBP,DiBP,DiNP,BBP,DEP,DiDP,DMP,DnOP,DCHP,BMPP,DHXP,DMEP,DBEP,and DEEP)in global edible oils as they are two kinds of human main consume products.Both human daily intake and estrogen equivalent are used to evaluate human exposure risks.The detection frequencies of DBP,DEHP,DEP,BBP and DMP in bottled water ranged from 30.1% to 67.6%.The average concentrations of DBP,DEHP,BBP,and DMP ranged from 1.15-5.35μg/L,with the maxminum reported concentrations ranged from 34.2-222.0 μg/L.Through bottled water based on daily consumption of 2 L for adults and 1.5 L for children,the average daily intake(maximum daily intake)of PAEs for adult and children is 0.03-0.15(0.98-6.34)and 0.06-0.27(1.71-11.1)μg/kg·bw/d,respectively.Our results calculated with safety factor showed that the human daily intakes for both adult and children through bottled water were all far below the regulation values by WHO or U.S.EPA.However,the estrogen equivalent in bottled water may pose adverse effects to human,which should be paid with more attention.In addition,the main source of PAEs in bottled water likely derived from their migration from plastic bottle,while the migration is a dynamic process,which would increase with prolonged storage time and temperature.Therefore,it is quite important to evaluate PAEs concentration in bottled water during the whole quality guarantee period.DiNP,DEHP,DiDP,DBP,DiBP,DEP and BBP were frequently detected in edible oils,and their detection frequencies ranged from 10.9%-49.9%.The average concentration of these PAEs ranged from 0.104 to 0.901 mg/kg.The overall level of PAEs in edible oil ranked from high to low are olive oil,peanut oil,rapeseed oil,sesame oil,corn oil,soybean oil,sunflower oil,teaseed oil and blended oil.The four most important PAEs detected in edible oil were DiNP,DEHP,DiDP and DBP,and their daily intakes were 0.024,0.022,0.021 and 0.019 mg/d/p,respectively,which accounted for 24.0%,22.0%,21.0% and 19.0% of the total PAEs daily intake,respectively.Moreover,the estrogen equivalent level of PAEs in edible oil was much higher than that of the bottled water,which should be paid with more attention.