| Air pollution is a major environmental threat to human beings because everyone needs breathing to survive.The composition of outdoor air pollutants is very complex,ant it is usually divided into two categories: gaseous pollutants and particulate matter(PM).PM is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets dispersed in air.Because of its small particle size and large surface area which is conducive to adsorb a large number of harmful substances,such as organic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,heavy metals and pathogenic microbes.When heavy metals contaminate enters the human body,it will interact strongly with bioactive substances,such as enzymes,which make them inactive.It may also sink in certain organs of the human body.If it exceeds the limits that the human body can tolerate,it will cause human poisoning and cause great harm to the human body.At the same time,because of the low content of heavy metals in the air,it is very difficult to detect these trace elements by direct injection because of the limitation of the sensitivity of the instrument.The usual way is to enrich and concentrate the heavy metals in the atmosphere by using adsorbents.When heavy metals enter the body,these pollutants and the metabolic products produced by human stress reaction can become biomarkers.However,these biomarkers are low in concentration,with large background interference and need to be detected accurately,and it is usually required to be processed by sample extraction,purification and concentration.Therefore,sample pretreatment technology is also the key to accurately monitor biological indicators related to heavy metal.Nanomaterials can play a unique role in the fields of adsorption and filtration due to their high specific surface area and high porosity.The electrospun nanofibers are convenient and easy to operate because of their convenient and controllable preparation,which can satisfy the adsorption and enrichment of specific targets.In this paper,the electrospun nanofiber material was used as an adsorbent and filter medium to develop a practical application of sampling and processor,combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)and liquid chromatographymass spectrometry(LC-MS)for the establishment of the analytical methods used inthe measurement of heavy metals in the air and the potential biochemical indicators of human exposure to air pollution.And the proposed method was preliminarily assessed in the application of it in children.The main work of this paper is as follows:1)In view of the current situation that the performance of enrichment materials for heavy metal sampling in atmospheric is not ideal,in this paper,we made use of electrospinning to prepare the sample films made of functional nanofiber,and compared them with the commercialized quartz film and the commonly used mercury adsorption material,sulfhydryl cotton which is commonly used in environmental monitoring for the performance in sampling heavy metals in air.It is found that the sampling efficiency of nanofiber sampling film was significantly improved.2)The determination of potential trace biochemical indexes related to heavy metal exposure in human body is a challenging work.Due to the low content of the target compounds in human body,large background interference,and serious matrix effect,a series of pretreatment operations are usually needed to remove the interference and enrichment of the targets.Several solid-phase extraction pretreatment technologies based on the use of nanofibers coupled with ICP-MS and HPLC-MS were established for the determination of trace biochemical indexes related to heavy metals exposure.3)Mother's breast milk,baby's feces,and air samples of environment from these subjects living were collected.And all the samples were determined by use of proposed materials,devices and methods developed in this paper.The potential relationships between these data were explored.The works in this paper could provide a technical support for the prevention and intervention of pollution. |
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