| The Gall a chinensis has important medicinal and industrial value,and it is an irreplaceable forest product.Galla chinensis is widely distributed in China.It is rich in gallnut tannin,which is the raw material to hydrolying and producing gallic acid.China also produce huge gallnut and gallic acid.However,to hydrolying Galla chinensis into gallic acid mainly by acid method and water-warm method.The waste dregs of these two methods are large and widely distributed in agroforestry area.The problem of dregs is urgent to be solved.A large number of dregs are occupied by open piled or directly buried or even discharged at random.The traditional way not only pollutes the environment,but also wastes resources.The dregs also affect the growth of crops in the agroforestry area.If the dreg is returned to the field,it will affect the growth and utilization of the crops or not.So it is necessary to carry out related studies,such as biological tests.In this study,a pot experiment was carry out with two kinds of dregs in a certain extent,to analying different effect of dregs decomposition in soil and fertilizer on Maize(Zea mays)growth.In order to provide theoretical basis and technical reference to e-using dregs.This has certain significance for the recycling of resources and environmental protection.The test set of acid method dregs adding amount of 125 g/pot(T1),250 g/pot(T2),375 g/pot(T3),500 g/pot(T4),625 g/pot(T5)and 0 g/pot(CK);water-warm dregs set to 100 g/pot(A1),200 g/pot(A2),300 g/pot(A3),400 g/pot(A4),600 g/pot(A5)and 0 g/pot(CK).The response of maize growth index,antioxidant enzyme system,osmotic regulation system,photosynthetic physiological index and soil effective nitrogen and other fertility indexes was determined.The results are as follows:(1)Acid method dregs strongly inhibited the height and weight of maize,after planted in two months the addition of 375 g/pot and bellow performance recovery,but the dose gradient effect always exists;acid dregs reduced the production of maize,and caused serious reduction of T4-T5 almost crops.Fertilization had no significant effect on leaf area and diameter of maize,and the recovery of height was better under fertilization.Especially under 375 g/pot,there was no difference with CK.The yield of maize was better after fertilization,T1-T4 did not cause significant reduction in yield.The effect of water-warm dregs is generally mild.The inhibition effect on plant height,ground diameter and biomass is not related to the amount of dregs at the time of 75 d.After fertilization,plant height and biomass 300 g/pot and below return to the CK level,and the recovery of 200 g/pot and below ground diameter is better.(2)Acid dregs had obvious inhibition on POD and CAT activity before 45 d.After 60 d,this inhibition effect was somewhat alleviated,and CAT activity had no significant difference at 75 d.The dregs had a significant effect on SOD activity,but it had no obvious relationship with the amount of dregs added.After 45 d,the inhibitory effect of dregs on the activity of POD was relieved,the effect on the activity of SOD was relieved and the activity of CAT was promoted.In the initial stage(30 d),water-warm dregs had a great influence on the activities of POD,CAT and SOD.45 d had little effect on CAT and SOD activity,but still had effect on POD activity.Fertilization significantly alleviated the effect of dregs on enzyme activity.(3)On the whole,two kinds of dregs had no effect on the accumulation of MDA on 30 d.On 45 d,the content of MDA was increased by acid dregs,while the water-warm dregs had little effect on the MDA content of maize.After fertilization,the MDA content of maize added the two kinds of dregs was restored to the CK level as a whole.The water-warm dregs only effect the content of H2O2 before 45 d in A4 and A5,and the effect was not significant in the later period,and the recovery was better after fertilization.(4)Acid dregs had no significant effect on the content of SS and SP at 30 d,but the content of SP and SS decreased after 45 d.The content of SS and SP added water-warm dregs is opposite to added acid dregs,fertilizer application decreases the effect of the dregs dosage.And the difference between the treatments is no longer significant on 60 d.(5)Three kinds of photosynthetic pigments(Chl a,Chl b and Car)were significantly inhibited by acid dregs at 30 d,but the inhibition effect decreased after 60 d.Fertilization restored the content of photosynthetic pigments in T1-T3 treatment,and recovered the ratio of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b to the CK level.The three kinds of photosynthetic pigment content of A4-A5 were significantly affected by water-warm dregs only at 30 d and no effect was found after 45 d,the formation of photosynthetic pigments was promoted at 75 d.The effect of water-warm dregs was relieved from 30 d,and the effect of the dregs on the pigment content was increased in the later perod.(6)These two kinds of dregs promoted RuBP carboxylation efficiency,acid dregs inhibited maize intrinsic quantum efficiency ?0 and the apparent quantum efficiency AQY,which reduces the potential of Maize Photosynthetic Capacity and light utilization ability;There exist low dosage more severe inhibition phenomenon;Pn Max inhibited significantly;light compensation point and dark respiration rate reduced after fertilization.On the whole,the water-warm dregs leaching promoted cpo,AQY and Pn max,and the effect of fertilization was better.(7)45 d,acid dregs reduced nitrate accumulation but had no effect on ammonium nitrogen,recovery the nitrate nitrogen content at the end of,while inhibited ammonium nitrogen significantly,so the influence on nitrate accumulation and ammonium nitrogen at different periods;Fertilization effect on nitrate nitrogen is not obvious at 45 d,and promote the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen after 60 d.The accumulation of nitrate nitrogen was significantly promoted by water-warm dregs,and also promoted the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen at 75 d.The two kinds of dregs had no significant influence on the content of available potassium and available phosphorus on the whole,but the fertilizer increased the content of both.In conclusion,the decomposition of two kinds of gallnut dregs in soil affected the growth?physiological indexes and photosynthetic physiology of maize,and also affected the dynamic accumulation of soil available nitrogen.The residual phenolic acids in the dregs may be the main reason.The inhibitory effect of acid dregs dose than warm-water dregs,the relief effect of fertilization recovered in just passable.According to the results of our study,adding dregs should be controlled at below 1000 kg/666.7m2,would not affect the production of maize.If 33.18 kg nitrogen is applied,the amount of dregs can be increased to 4500 kg per mu,and the yield of corn will not be affected.There was a trend of recovery added water-warm dregs at just 45 d,and the growth of maize was recovered bellow A3 treatment.If 33.18 kg nitrogen is applied per mu in the process of maize growth and the amount of dregs increased to 2400 kg,the biological yield of maize would not be affected. |
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