| The research put forward the rice-fish-chicken symbiosis pattern under ridge cultivation(RFC)by integrating the technology of rice-fish farming,rice-chicken farming and ridge cultivation.From May to October in 2017,the field experiment of RFC was conducted in Rice Paddy Park in Anren County in Hunan Province,and rice agronomic characters,yield,yield components,physical and chemical properties of paddy soil,weeds density and weeds species diversity indexes were studied through comparison with the rice-fish symbiosis pattern under ridge cultivation(RRF)and CK.Related analysis results of experiment were as follow:(1)In all tiller stage,tiller number of RFC and RRF was higher than CK,and their growth speed of tiller in active tiller stage were faster than CK.Tiller stage of RFC and RRF was about 5 days more than CK.In tiller stage,booting stage,full heading stage and mature stage,rice plants height of RFC was extremely significantly increased 2.26,4.30,4.47,and4.51 cm,respectively compared to CK.Rice plants height of RRF was extremely significantly higher than CK in booting stage,full heading stage and mature stage,while it had no significance in tiller stage.In booting stage,heading stage and mature stage,RFC's dry matter weight of the over-ground parts of rice was significantly increased 39.86,71.58,and 96.15 g/m~2,respectively compared to CK,and RFC's harvest index was significantly higher than CK.RRF's dry matter weight of the over-ground parts of rice was respectively increased 35.70,50.96 and 90.51 g/m~2,as well as RRF's harvest index had no significance compared to CK.(2)Actual yield of RFC and RRF was extremely significantly improved 5.32%and4.77%respectively compared to CK,and the reason of yield growth is that the efficient panicles of unit-acreage and the setting percentage in RFC and RRF were extremely significantly higher than CK and the thousand seed weight of RFC was significantly higher than CK.The yield of fishes and chickens in RFC were 1725.86 and 356.43 kg/hm~2,respectively.Therefore,total benefit of RFC was 30212.40 Yuan/hm~2 higher than CK and RFC's input-output ratio(2.56)was also higher than CK(2.00).(3)Soil bulk density of RFC and RRF was extremely significantly decreased 0.09 and0.07 g/cm~3 respectively than CK.Soil porosity of RFC and RRF were extremely significantly improved 4.08%and 3.72%respectively compared to CK.Soil water content of RFC and RRF were extremely significantly improved 4.96%and 2.78%respectively compared to CK.The content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen and available nitrogen in RFC were extremely significantly increased 1.09 g/kg,0.07 g/kg and 22.01 mg/kg,respectively compared to CK.The content of total phosphorus,total potassium,available phosphorus and available potassium in RFC were significantly improved 0.11 g/kg,0.64g/kg,3.04 mg/kg and 1.82 mg/kg,respectively compared to CK.The content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly improved 0.52 g/kg,0.03 g/kg,12.53 mg/kg,2.34 mg/kg and 1.48 mg/kg respectively compared to CK,while the content of total phosphorus and total potassium had no significance between RRF and CK.(4)In all growth period,weeds density of RFC and RRF were extremely significantly lower than CK,and their weeds fresh weight were also extremely significantly less than CK in mature stage.The control effects of density in RFC and RRF were 84.51%and 55.94%,respectively.The control effects of fresh weight in RFC and RRF were 89.08%and 68.38%,respectively.In all growth period,weeds richness,Simpson diversity index and Shannon-wiener diversity index in RFC and RRF were all extremely significantly lower than CK,and RFC's Pielou evenness index was significantly higher than CK in tiller stage,but it was extremely significantly higher than CK in other period.RRF's Pielou evenness index was significantly higher than CK in tiller stage,but it had no significance in other period. |
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