Selection Of Quality Characteristic Index And Comprehensive Evaluation Of Camellia Oleifera Seeds

Camellia oleifera is a unique woody oil plant in China.Camellia oleifera seed oil is an edible oil comparable to olive oil.With the improvement of living standards,the demand for Camellia oleifera production is also increasing.Screening of high-quality Camellia oleifera varieties is the key to development of Camellia oleifera industry.This study collected Camellia oleifera seed samples from six major Camellia oleifera producing areas in Zhejiang,Guangxi,Hubei,Hunan,Jiangxi and Fujian,and determined the quality and safety indicators of Camellia oleifera(5 heavy metals)and quality characteristics indicators(oil yield,mineral nutrients,protein,fatty acids,antioxidant active substances,a total of 22 categories in 5 categories),The differences in the quality of Camellia oleifera in the main oil-producing areas of China were compared,and a database of quality characteristics of Camellia oleifera seeds was established.A principal component analysis comprehensive quality evaluation model and a fuzzy comprehensive quality evaluation model were established to classify and score the quality of Camellia oleifera seeds.The results of the determination of 33 elite seed oil seeds were applied to the established model,and the improved varieties were graded.The main findings are as follows:(1)Safety quality and evaluation system access mechanism,The heavy metals As,Cr,Pb,Cd and Ni were measured in Camellia oleifera seeds samples.The contents of heavy metals As,Cr,Pb,Cd and Ni were 0.0022?0.0154 mg/kg,0.1856?0.2766mg/kg and 0.0061?0.0672 mg,/kg,0.0015?0.0449 mg/kg,1.83?2.50 mg/kg,respectively.According to the national standard and forestry industry standards,the heavy metal pollution in Camellia oleifera seeds was evaluated.The content of heavy metals in all tested samples did not exceed the limit value,which proved that the tested samples all qualified to enter the evaluation system.(2)Determination and analysis of the quality characteristics indicators of Camellia oleifera seeds and the establishment of an indicator database,The 22 quality characteristics of Camellia oleifera seeds were determined.The kernel yield of the oilseed tea seeds in the six main producing areas ranged from 53.65% to 60.97%,and the oil yield of the kernels ranged from 44.57% to 50.17%.The seed oil yield is 25.32%?30.65%;The fatty acid composition has the highest oleic acid content of 74.00%?80.58%,and the percentages of saturated fatty acids and total unsaturated fatty acids are 11.27%?16.66% and 85.13%?89.56%,respectively.The contents of antioxidant active ingredients ?-tocopherol,squalene and ?-sitosterol are 16.64?23.70 mg/100 g,101.40?292.41 mg/kg,189.09?686.37 mg/kg;The content of macro elements Mg,P,Ca and K in mineral elements ranges from 518.8 to 11594 mg/kg.and the contents of trace elements Se,Zn,Mn,Fe and Cu ranged from 0.0346 to 180.22 mg/kg.The Camellia oleifera seed index database was established from 22 quality indexes of 163 Camellia oleifera samples,which was used as the basis for the Camellia oleifera seed quality evaluation model.(3)Establishment and application of a comprehensive evaluation model for Camellia oleifera seed quality,22 quality characteristic indicators were selected to establish a principal component analysis comprehensive evaluation method model.The rankings of 6 Camellia oleifera seed production areas were ranked as follows: Jiangxi>Zhejiang>Guangxi>Hubei> Hunan>Fujian.A fuzzy comprehensive quality evaluation model unique to Camellia oleifera seed quality was established,The results show that the first level of Fujian has the largest proportion of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in the six production areas.The research established a fuzzy comprehensive quality evaluation model for three different parties: tea oil use,feed use and organic fertilizer use.The scores of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of tea oil direction were ranked as Zhejiang>Fujian>Jiangxi>Guangxi>Hunan>Hubei;the scores of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of feed direction were ranked as Hubei>Fujian>Guangxi>Hunan> Zhejiang>Jiangxi;the scores of organic comprehensive fertilizer evaluation were Jiangxi>Hubei>Zhejiang>Guangxi>Fujian>Hunan.(4)The application of fuzzy comprehensive quality evaluation model in the sample of improved varieties seeds.First,33 improved varieties were evaluated using the principal component analysis model.Only one of the 33 improved samples was classified into the Class I,and 14 of the breeds were classified as the Class IV.Fuzzy comprehensive quality evaluation method was used to evaluate 33 varieties of good samples.21 varieties of 33 improved varietieso of Camellia oleifera seeds were classified into Class I and 5 were classified as Class II.The scores of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation were between 3.07 and 4.28,and the overall evaluation scores were higher.The highest score was “Guangxi Cenruan2”.33 varieties of Camellia oleifera seeds were applied to the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model in different directions.It is concluded that “Guangxi Cenruan2(1)” ranks first in the quality evaluation of tea oil use.The good samples of “Guangxi Cenruan2(1)”,“Hubei Eyou 424”,and “Guangxi Xianglin 53” ranked the top 3 in the evaluation of feed use direction.There are three varieties of organic fertilizers with the highest scores in the direction of “Guangxi Cenruan 2(1)”,“Zhejiang Changlin 3”,and “Hubei Xianglin 34”.