Analysis And Evaluation Of The Quality Of Oil In 11 Excellent Clones

Camellia oleifera Abel is the unique woody edible oil species of China,with more than 2,000 years of cultivation and utilization history,known as the world's four woody oil plants with oil olives,oil palm and coconut.In recent years,with the conflict of edible oil market supply and demand intensified in C hina,the growing demand of Camellia oleifera Abel products with high nutritional value and health care function,the cultivated area of Camellia expands rapidly and the quality requirements of the species is getting higher and higher.In this paper,11 kinds of Camellia oleifera cultivars and clones are selected which are representative and widely planted in Guangdong Province,the physical and chemical properties,fatty acid composition and nutritional functional components of fruits are studied,the variance analysis,cluster analysis,principal component analysis and the comprehensive evaluation of rationality-satisfaction and multidimensional value theory are carried out;at the same time,the effects of different origin and oil extraction methods on the quality of Camellia oleifera Abel are discussed,which provides the basis for breeding,cultivation promotion and Camellia oleifera Abel processing.The main contents and results of the study are as follows:(1)Study on the quality of oil in 11 kinds of Camellia fruitThe effects of acid value,peroxide value,iodine value,saponification value,refractive index and the fatty acid compositio n on the oil quality of 11 excellent clones are studied,the nutrient properties such as carotenoids,phytosterols,polyphenols,flavonoids and vitamin E are determined.The results showed that the acidity of 11 oil tea varieties is 0.60 mg / g ~ 4.27 mg / g,the peroxide value is 0.46 g / 100 g ~ 4.36 g / 100 g,iodine value is 82.56 g / 100 g ~ 95.47 g / 100 g,the saponification value is generally between 189 mg / g ~ 254 mg / g,the refractive index is between 1.4630 ~ 1.4672.The difference of physical and chemical properties between varieties,mostly reaches a significant level.Two different methods are adopted to analyze and evaluate the nutrient functional components of fats of 11 kinds of oils.The comprehensive grading sequence of the principal component analysis(PCA)is as follows: Changlin No.4> C hanglin No.40> Changlin No.27> Guiwu No.2> Guiwu No.4> Cenruan No.2> Guiwu No.3> Cenruan No.3> Xianglin No.166> Tianruan No.8> Tianruan No.6.The order of the comprehensive evaluation score is: C hanglin No.4> Changlin No.40> Guiwu No.2> Changlin No.27> Cenruan No.2> Guiwu No.4> Guiwu No.3> Cenruan No.3> Xianglin No.166> Tianruan No.8> Tianruan No.6,the results of two evaluation methods are basically the same.The composition and relative content of Camellia oleifera Abel fatty acid in 11 kinds of Camellia oleifera varieties were not very different.Are composed of palmitic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid and peanutoic acid.Among them,the content of unsaturated fatty acids was 86.95% ~ 88.28%,the content of unsaturated fatty acids in Guiwu No.4 was 88.28%,followed by Xianglin No.166 88.10%,Guiwu No.2,the lowest content of 86.95%,polyunsaturated fatty acids Content of the range of 4.21% ~ 11.97%,Xianglin No.166 polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the highest 11.97%,followed by Guiwu No.2 11.95%,Cenruan No.3,the lowest content of 4.21%.The results showed that the synthesis of fatty acid composition of 11 kinds of Camellia oleifera Abel was between 0.39 and 0.56,and the score of Cenruan No.3 was 0.56,followed by Cenruan No.2 0.55,Changlin No.27 was 0.51,indicating that Cenruan No.3 fatty acid composition of good quality.(2)The impact of origin on the quality of Camellia oleifera AbelThe oilseed fruits of Cenruan No.2 and No.3 p lanted in 2 different habitats in Guangdong Province are selected to extract the greases and analyze the difference of their nutritional function.The results showed that the differences of nutrition function indicators of the Camellia oleifera Abels of the same species are also significant;the carotenoids,polyphenols and vitamin E indexes of the two kinds of Camellia oleifera from N ingxi are higher than those from Xiaokeng,and the contain of phytosterols and flavonoids of Cenruan No.2 from Xiaokeng origin Cenruan No.3 from N ingxi origin are higher;in general,the nutrition quality of Camellia oleifera Abel from N ingxi origin is higher,which may be due to differences of the environment between the origin,and the quality of phytosterols and flavonoids o f two varieties in different areas is different may be due to the difference of variety.Through the cluster analysis,the Cenruan No.2 and No.3 in Xiaokeng are classified into the same class,N ingxi Cenruan No.2 and No.3 in N ingxi belong to different classes.This shows that the physical and chemical properties and functional nutrient contents of Cenruan No.2 and No.3 in Xiaokeng are similar,but are quiet different with Cenruan No.2 and No.3 in Ningxi.The above analysis shows that the origin can't be the only factor to determine the physical and chemical indicators of Camellia oleifera Abel and functional nutritional indicators of the pros and cons.(3)The effect of oil extraction on the quality of Camellia oleifera AbelPressing and Leaching are used to extract the grease of those adopted 11 kinds of Camellia fruit,and the effects of acid value,peroxide value,iodine value,saponification value,refractive index and other physical and chemical indexes,carotenoids,phytosterols,polyphenols,flavonoids,vitamin E and other nutritional function indicators of those greases are determined.The results showed that the physical and chemical indexes of the pressing oil were better than those of the leaching oil;and the oil content of the pressed oil,Phytosterols,polyphenols and flavonoids were superior to the leaching oil,carotenoids and vitamin E is slightly lower than the leaching oil,which is due to the extraction of leaching oil which leads to the less loss of oil-soluble nutrients,but the extractio n of oil has to carry out complex follow-up treatment to become finished edible oil,and the problem of a solvent Residual hidden danger and easy to cause environmental pollution exists.The oil composition of fatty acids is basically the same,which is co mposed of palmitic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid and peanutenoic acid.The content of oleic acid is 74.52% ~ 82.65%.In the 11 varieties,eight varieties of crushed oleic acid were higher than leaching oil.The level of oleic acid is one of the important indicators to measure the quality of edible oil.The comprehensive comparison shows that the quality of Camellia oleifera Abel obtained by pressing method is better than that of leaching method.