Study On The Eco-environmental Effects Of Tourism Development On The Qinghaitibet Plateau

Tourism has become one of the most important economic and social phenomena in the world in the 21 st century.The "third pole of the world",the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,is located in the west of China.It is the largest plateau in the world and has the highest altitude.It is also one of the few areas in the world with less human activity.In recent years,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has vigorously developed the tourism industry relying on the multi-cultural landscape and ecological environment with global scarcity,and the contribution of the tourism economy to the region has increased year by year.The rapid development of the tourism industry will inevitably have an impact on the ecoenvironment of the plateau.Under this background,there is an urgent need to systematically study the eco-environmental effects of tourism.To refine research questions,the author interprets tourism development as tourism economic development and the increase in the number of tourists.Under this premise,based on coupling coordination theory,interactive stress theory and sustainable development theory,the author divided this subject into three dimensions which are coupling coordination effect and Interactive Stress between tourism economy and ecoenvironment and tourism ecological pressure caused by tourists.Based on the research results,the author makes the following suggestions: 1)The concept of compound system development should be established to promote the coordinated and orderly development of the plateau tourism economy and eco-environment;2)We need to pay attention to the interactive response mechanism between the tourism economy and the eco-environment,and adjust the development scale in time;3)The overall spatial layout of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau tourism should be systematically developed based on the current situation of tourism ecological environment pressure.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The tourism economic development level of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau increased significantly from 2000 to 2018.The tourism economic indexes of Xining and Lhasa showed a rapid growth trend.The capital cities ranked first.The tourism economic growth of cities and prefectures other than the capital cities was relatively slow,and the differences between regions are a little bit small.It shows that the development of the urban tourism industry in the provincial capital of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has not played a good role in driving other cities.The overall development of the eco-environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been relatively stable.From 2000 to 2018,the overall development level of the eco-environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has shown a slow decline.Only a small number of cities and prefectures have experienced significant changes in the level of ecological environment after 2013.Significant improvement occurred in Xining,Shannan and Nyingchi,while significant deterioration occurred in Haixi,Yushu and Naqu.It shows that the huge amount of funds invested in recent years has achieved initial results in the management of the ecoenvironment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,but the task of governance in the fragile ecological environment is still very difficult.(2)From 2000 to 2018,the main types of tourism economy and eco-environment in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are mostly lagging in tourism economy,and the ecological environment system is generally relatively superior to the tourism economic system.Only Xining and Lhasa 's two types of capital city coordination types present the succession model of “lagging tourism economy-system balanced development-lagging ecological environment”.On the time scale,the overall situation shows a trend of fluctuations,and the coupling coordination effect is greatly affected by sudden security incidents.On the spatial scale,the overall distribution pattern is high in the marginal regions and low in the central regions.Among them,Qinghai shows a “core-edge” spatial distribution pattern with Xining as the core,high in the northeast and low in the southwest,and gradually decreasing toward the periphery;the overall coordination and coordination of the tourism economic and ecological environment complex system in Tibet in 2018 shows Lhasa as the core,and Xigaze Ningzhi is a two-winged,one-coretwo-winged spatial distribution pattern that drives the development of marginal areas.It shows that the current Qinghai-Tibet Plateau tourism economy and eco-environment composite system is developing in an increasingly optimized direction.(3)From 2000 to 2018,the interactive stress effect of the tourism economy and ecological environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has different response mechanisms and evolution trajectories in different cities.In terms of the level of tourism economy at the inflection point,provincial capital cities with a better tourism economic development index have a higher degree of protection and protection of the ecoenvironment.Before the ecological environment deteriorates,the tourism economy can achieve a more ideal development level.The interactive response mechanism of tourism economy and eco-environment has a certain hysteresis,indicating that the tourism economy of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should pay close attention to the development status of the ecological environment and make timely adjustments.(4)The pressure level of tourism ecological environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is generally in a less secure state from 2000 to 2018,indicating that tourism activities have caused greater pressure on the existing eco-environment of the QinghaiTibet Plateau.On the time scale,the tourist ecological pressure level in most areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is increasing,and only a few areas show a downward trend.On the spatial scale,tourism ecological pressure index of on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau presents a spatial distribution pattern that is high in the west and low in the east.Among them,tourism ecological pressure on tourism in northeast Qinghai and southeast Tibet is relatively small.It shows that the ecological pressure of tourism on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is not only affected by the number of tourists,but also has a negative correlation with surface vegetation coverage.