Pollution Characteristics And Risk Assessment Of Statins And Their Metabolites In Shanghai Typical Wastewater Treatment Plant And Surface Water

In recent years,the using of drugs and pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)has been increasing,and a great number of PPCPs are distributed in various environmental media.Statins,as an important class of PPCPs,are generally used to treat hyperlipidemia.Such drugs are detected in the inlet and outlet of sewage plants,surface water,and hospital wastewater,and accumulate in the environment,which can have a toxic effect on aquatic organisms and affect the growth and reproduction of organisms.Therefore,mastering the distribution,migration,transformation and other pollution characteristics,risks,and sources of statins in environmental media is of great significance to the protection of water resources.6 typical sewage treatment plants in Shanghai and the surface water in Shanghai were tested and analyzed,and typical statins were screened.The total concentration range of influent and effluent statins in 6 typical sewage treatment plants in Shanghai was 25.67-64.50 ng/L and 14.71-32.71 ng/L,the removal rate of statins ranged from-41.14-100%.The total concentration of statins in Shanghai's surface water is 3.51-15.09 ng/L.According to the abundance distribution characteristics of statins,atorvastatin and rosuvastatin account for the largest proportion.The concentration level is higher.Principal component analysis and correlation analysis were used to analyze the source of statins in Shanghai's surface water.The results showed that the main source of statins in surface water may be the effluent from sewage treatment plants.In addition,the ecological and health risks of target compounds in surface water are evaluated in this paper.The results show that the ecological risks of atorvastatin in Shanghai surface water are relatively high.The remaining substances pose less than 0.1 ecological risks to the three nutrient grades in surface water,and the risks are relatively small.Statins present a moderate mixed ecological risk in Shanghai's surface water.Statins in surface water pose health risks to the human body through two exposure routes: bathing and drinking.The risk factor for the bathing route is 1.90E-3 to 4.48E-6,and the drinking route is 2.74E-6 to 2.78E-9.The health risks caused by the human body are low.