Optimize Travel Structure To Achieve Energy Saving And Emission Reduction Of Urban Passenger Transportation System

Increased transportation activities are an important factor in the excessive emissions of carbon dioxide in cities.At present,China's cities are expanding rapidly,and private transportation in the transportation structure occupies a large proportion and continues to grow.Traffic managers are faced with many problems such as increasing traffic carbon dioxide emissions,worsening congested road conditions,air pollution,and energy shortages.However,due to the personalized and diverse characteristics of travel needs,simply adjusting the current transportation structure from the perspective of environmental protection may damage residents' daily travel and urban economic activities.Therefore,this paper uses a multi-objective optimization model to optimize the travel structure of residents and study the carbon reduction potential of the urban transportation system.This article first studies the composition and influencing factors of urban transportation carbon emissions,to propose a scientific solution to urban transportation carbon emissions.By analyzing the development characteristics and traffic conditions of cities,the carbon emissions of urban transportation are decomposed into four constituent variables: resident population,travel intensity,travel proportion,and emission technology,and then the contribution of each component is quantified by the LMDI method.We get a simple conclusion: the travel structure and transportation mode play important roles in affecting the carbon emissions of urban transportation.Second,the internal and external contradictions of the urban passenger transportation network are analyzed after determining the main urban passenger transport methods.To protect the urban environment,achieve the transportation development goals and meet the residents' travel needs,it proposes multi-objective passenger transportation structure optimization ideas,divided into 5 Specific optimization indicators: transportation carbon emissions,road network efficiency,external costs,service quality,and travel costs,and then mathematically calculated optimization indicators.Build a multi-objective optimization model of travel structure with constraints of traffic demand and resource allocation.The objective model method is used to solve the optimization model,then get the mixed optimal solution that is closest to the optimal of every single objective from the geometric perspective.Third,because of the rapid development and application of new energy vehicles,research on the carbon emission factors of transportation modes under new energy technologies.By calculating the capacity factor of the Beijing power grid,a model for calculating the carbon emissions of new energy vehicles can be constructed to quantify the energy-saving and emission reduction potential of new energy vehicles.And in the context of the proportion of new energy deployment in the transportation system,calculate the average carbon dioxide emission factor for various transportation modes.Finally,the results of optimizing the passenger transport structure of Beijing's lowcarbon transportation show that the subway will have about half of the total urban traffic.Compared with the current traffic structure in Beijing,the optimization direction is to establish a traveling structure based on public transportation,and there is still much room for development in rail transportation;The results of changes in urban transportation structure and evaluation indicators after implementing operational strategies and emission technologies show that improvements in emission technologies will lead to an 8.3% drop in rail transit sharing rates,while adjustments in operating strategies can increase the sharing rate of public transport modes by 7.4%.After using the MNL model to analyze the relationship between the economic cost of travel and the share of travel mode,it is found that the reduction in the fare of public transportation will increase its proportion,and the change will be most obvious when the reduction is between 10% and 30%.In the results,the service quality satisfaction of public transportation mode decreases as the fare decreases.On the one hand,it may be that limited transportation resources cannot fully handle the increased demand for passenger transportation;on the other hand,it may be that the reduction in fares leads to a decrease in revenue of the public transportation system,resulting in a lack of funds to build transportation systems and improve service quality.Therefore,after adjusting the economic cost,the government should be encouraged to increase financial subsidies and support public transport construction to meet the needs of the new passenger flow structure.