Current Situation And Countermeasures Of Health Supervision And Management In School Buildings Of Primary And Secondary Schools

Objective To investigate the current situation of preventive health supervision and regular health supervision in school buildings of primary and secondary schools.It also analyzes the possible prominent problems and loopholes,and puts forward effective and feasible suggestions and measures to provide a scientific basis for policy formulation for school health supervision and management.Methods:Both quantitative and qualitative and methods were adopted in the study.Quantitative research: A total of 2,400 primary and secondary schools in 16 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)were selected as the subjects of the survey.The data were collected through the questionnaires on the monitoring of the health of school teaching and living facilities.The contents included the general situation of the school,the preventive health supervision and management of the new,renovated and expanded school buildings,and the regular health supervision and management of the air quality of the existing school buildings.Descriptive analyses methods were used in the study.The differences between different school groups were compared using chi-square test and radar maps.Qualitative research: Sampling was adopted to select 6 provinces from the 16 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)for quantitative research,with 1 city from each province and 5 representative schools from each city.A total of 29 schools were selected as the research objects.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with school principals and staff of educational administrative departments,and focus interviews were conducted with school teachers/school doctors.The whole interview was recorded.The main contents of the interview include the current situation of preventive health supervision and management in new,revised and expanded school buildings,the current situation of regular health supervision and management in school buildings,common environmental health problems and hidden dangers in schools and Suggestions on risk control.After the recording was transcribed,the topic framework analysis method was used to analyze the interview content.Result:1.Quantitative survey results1.1 Current situation of regular health supervision and management of air quality in school buildingsDaily ventilation rules: 80.8% of the schools established a daily ventilation rules,and the qualification rate of the total ventilation time of all surveyed schools was 58.1%.Daily air quality testing: Only 25.5% of all schools surveyed had daily air quality testing.Schools that tested carbon dioxide,formaldehyde,benzene and other volatile pollutants,inhalable particulate matter and carbon monoxide accounted for 13.2%,9.3%,7.5% and 6.5% respectively.1.2 Current situation of preventive health supervision and management of new,renovated and expanded school buildingsProject approval: The proportion of schools requiring quality inspection reports of raw materials was 59.5%,which was higher in urban schools than in township schools,and higher in non-boarding schools than in boarding schools(P < 0.05).Still,9.9% of schools were reported that they had never checked the quality reports on raw materials.Acceptance: According to the survey,59.8% of the institutions responsible for acceptance were leaders of schools,and 50.7% were third-party acceptance institutions selected by higher education authorities.The selection of acceptance institutions varies greatly among different economic regions.Among the schools that receive acceptance through third-party acceptance institutions,the proportion of schools in the eastern region was higher than that in the central and western regions,and the urban schools were higher than those in towns and villages.Before use: 95.3% of the schools conducted ventilation before use,and only 28.9% of the schools conduct air quality testing,among which 82.5% of the schools request the test report.The eastern part of the school(43.4%)was higher than the western part(22.9%)and the central part(17.5%),and the urban part(37.5%)was higher than the township part(18.8%),with statistically significant differences(P < 0.05).2.Qualitative research results2.1 Current situation of preventive health supervision and management of new,renovated and expanded school buildingsProject approval: According to the interview results with the education administration department,the school submitted the application for the large-scale project approval,and then the education bureau,the audit bureau and the municipal government jointly examined and approved it.For smaller projects,the school invited tenders independently or entrusted a third party to organize the bidding.In the interview of this link,the person in charge of the education administration department did not mention the health department to carry out preventive health supervision.Four school officials said there was "no project approval or bidding process".Construction link: The interview results of the education administrative department showed that the supervision and quality inspection of the construction link were mainly completed by the third party supervision agency,and the construction bureau would carry out random material inspection.Acceptance check: All the educational administrative departments indicated that acceptance check was generally carried out by the construction unit,the construction unit,the design unit,the supervision unit and the survey unit.None of the six persons in charge mentioned the participation of the health department in the acceptance check.Only one school leader said its health department had conducted inspections of its environmental hygiene.2.2 Current situation of regular health supervision and management of air quality in school buildingsThe education administrative departments of each region had a poor understanding of the regular health supervision of schools.Only one person in charge of the education administrative department(16.7%)said that the health supervision departments of this region regularly check the indoor air quality of schools every year.Among the school principals,31 respondents(72.1%)said there was no daily air quality monitoring at school,and 12 respondents(27.9%)said there was regular health supervision,among which the eastern region was more than the central and western regions(56.3%,18.2%,6.3%).2.3 Common environmental health problems and safety hazardsAll education administration officials said that the common environmental health problems were mainly the quality of raw materials,and two heads said that projects independently carried out by schools were more likely to have problems with raw materials.The person in charge of the school said that the school pays more attention to the quality of building materials(15/50,30.0%)and air quality(11/50,22.0%),and the main reason for these problems is the lack of relevant professional testing personnel and standards.The surveyed teachers indicated that parents and teachers were mainly concerned about food hygiene(12/26,46.2%)and air quality(11/26,42.3%).2.4 Suggestions for risk controlFive heads of the education administration departments proposed to establish a sound school infrastructure supervision system,with multiple departments jointly responsible for the implementation of the main responsibilities of each department and the completion of school environmental health supervision.In addition to the statement that a sound supervision and management system should be established(n=22,48.9%),the person in charge of the school also proposed that the school hopes to receive joint professional guidance from relevant departments(n= 14,31.1%)and complete regular or irregular school health monitoring led by the administrative department(n= 13,28.9%).Conclusion:1.1.Primary and secondary schools in urban,eastern and central regions paid high attention to infrastructure construction,preventive health supervision and air quality.However,there still were gaps in the preventive health supervision of school buildings in the three stages of project approval,acceptance and operation,and the participation of the health administrative departments was low in each stages of new,improved and expanded school buildings.2.The coverage rate of school regular health supervision in the eastern region was higher than that in the central and western regions,but the importance of school health supervision still need to be further improved.Most primary and middle schools in China had established the daily ventilation and ventilation system,but the long-term mechanism of indoor air quality supervision and management still need to be formed to improve the daily air quality detection rate.