The Effect Of Democracy On CO₂ Emissions In BRICS Countries

The rapid economic development consumes a large amount of global energy and emits a lot of greenhouse gases?especially CO₂?.Emissions of CO₂ not only cause global temperatures to rise,sea levels rise,but also cause severe damage to the entire ecosystem.The issue of global warming has become one of the more serious problems facing the international community.Therefore,this paper studies th e factors affecting the emission of CO₂.In domestic and foreign research,the impact of democracy on the environment is a relatively new research direction,but the impact of democracy on CO₂ emissions is not consistent.This paper takes the BRICS?China,Russia,Brazil,India,South Africa?as the research object and conducts an empirical analysis of the relationship between democracy and CO₂ emissions.Based on the sample data of the five BRICS countries from 1993 to 2017,panel-based regression method was used to study the influence of democracy and other factors on the BRICS countries'different levels of CO ₂.This paper firstly reviews the papers on the factors affecting CO ₂ emissions at home and abroad,and then constructs a panel-based regression model.In the empirical analysis,the data is descriptive statistical analysis and stability test;then the panel quantile regression model is used for parameter estimation;based on the per capita GDP per capita GDP,this paper also studies the direct and in direct effects of democracy on CO₂ emissions;Finally,the robustness test of the model was carried out.The results show that democracy has a significant inhibitory effect on CO ₂emissions,and through direct and indirect impact studies of democracy,it i s found that democracy has a small indirect impact on CO₂ emissions through per capita GDP;the regression coefficient of urbanization is positive,and towns The quadratic regression coefficient is negative,supporting the inverted“U”type EKC curve between urbanization and CO₂ emissions;the heterogeneous distribution of foreign direct investment at different quantiles confirms the“polluting halo”hypothesis.It is effective among the BRICS countries;the coefficient of low and high scores of per capita GDP is significantly different,and the per capita GDP will have a greater impact on low-emission countries than on high-emission countries;The increase has led to an increase in CO₂ emissions.Finally,the use of alternative indicators,different lambda values and different random seeds has proved that the model used in this paper is robust.