| As human society continues to increase its productivity under the influence of the industrial revolution,human beings' natural resources are increasing.Human social and economic development has also caused serious environmental problems such as air pollution,water pollution and soil pollution.Enterprises are the backbone of the development of the market economy and the main manufacturer of environmental problems.China is a major producer and consumer of phosphate rock.In 2017,China's phosphate ore production was 1.38 × 108 tons,accounting for 53% of the world's total phosphate ore consumption.Although China has been affected by factors such as tightening policies,strict environmental protection,and scarcity of phosphate resources in recent years,its production capacity still accounts for more than 50% of global production capacity.Diammonium phosphate is one of the main product forms of phosphate fertilizer.Its production process is a typical high energy consumption stage.It relies heavily on various fossil energy inputs including coal,natural gas and petroleum.The unreasonable application of diammonium phosphate will not only It leads to the loss of a large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus,and also causes pollution to water,atmosphere and soil,causing serious environmental problems.In order to improve the environmental impact of phosphate fertilizer production enterprises,this study applies the life cycle assessment method to conduct environmental impact assessment of the whole life cycle process of the production of diammonium phosphate in a phosphate fertilizer enterprise in Yunnan Province,and for the production of phosphate rock and the production of diammonium phosphate.The transportation process and the farmer's application process were compared and analyzed in different scenarios,so as to propose the strategic measures for the phosphate fertilizer production enterprise to improve the environmental impact based on the supply chain perspective.The main work and research results are as follows:Firstly,this study divides the diammonium phosphate supply chain process into phosphate rock production stage,diammonium phosphate production stage,diammonium phosphate transportation stage and farmer application stage.The farmers' application stage selects the eastern,central and southwest regions.On this basis,the process of raw material consumption and pollutant discharge in each stage of the life cycle of DAP was analyzed one by one,and the list of raw material consumption and pollutant discharge at each stage of the DAP life cycle was established.The results show that the phosphate ore mining and diammonium phosphate production phase is the main stage of raw material consumption,and the farmer application phase is the main stage of pollutant discharge.Secondly,this study used the ReCiPe evaluation method to analyze the environmental impacts of climate change,fossil energy depletion,freshwater eutrophication,human toxicity,particulate matter formation,photochemical oxidation and terrestrial acidification during the life cycle of DAP.Standardization of environmental and environmental impacts.The results show that the production process of diammonium phosphate has a significant impact on the environmental impacts of climate change and fossil energy depletion.Due to the application in different regions of China,it accounts for 34.1%~35.5% and 83.9%~95.8% of the corresponding environmental impact types of DAP.The transportation stage has a significant impact on the type of photochemical oxidation environment,accounting for 25.7% to 60.3% of the life cycle of diammonium phosphate.The application stage of farmers has significant effects on the types of freshwater eutrophication,human toxicity,particulate matter formation and terrestrial acidification,accounting for 94.8%~97.3%,84.3%~84.8%,and 85.9%,respectively,of the corresponding environmental impacts of the DAP life cycle.89.8% and 93.6% to 95.0%.The production of DAP is sensitive to climate change,fossil energy depletion and human toxicity.The transport distance has a significant impact on the type of photochemical oxidation environment.The application rate of farmers is climatic change,freshwater eutrophication,human toxicity,The five environmental impact types of particulate formation and terrestrial acidification have significant effects.Thirdly,this study carried out a scenario analysis of the main stages of the phosphate fertilizer life cycle process,including: selecting open-pit mining scenarios and downhole mining scenarios for the phosphate ore mining stage,and selecting a monoammonium phosphate production scenario for similar phosphate fertilizer enterprises during the DAP production phase.And the DAP production scenario and the clean energy scenario,the transportation phase selects the road transportation scenario,the water transportation scenario and the railway transportation scenario,and the farmer application phase selects the local conventional fertilization scenario and the optimized fertilization scenario for the scenario analysis.Finally,some suggestions for the greening of the supply chain of phosphate fertilizer enterprises are proposed:(1)The stage of “phosphorous mining” should be selected as far as possible in the stage of phosphate ore mining,and the underground mining method should be selected when the underground mining of phosphate ore is difficult.(2)In the production process of diammonium phosphate,new energy sources such as hydropower,nuclear power and wind power should be used as much as possible.By optimizing the production process to improve the reaction efficiency of the production process,indirectly reduce the consumption of non-renewable raw materials,and at the same time develop new technologies to reduce the heavy metal content of diammonium phosphate.(3)As far as possible,the “road-rail-highway” combination transportation mode should be adopted during transportation.(4)Farmers should use the process of optimizing fertilization to optimize fertilization. |
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