| Ecosystem service function is one of the important tools to balance the effectiveness of karst rocky desertification control.This study was based on the evolution of natural geographical environment,the theory of ecology and human-land relationship and the(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs)Invest model,the karst rocky desertification transfer and diffusion system was developed.The middle-strength karst rocky desertification environment(Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang),Plateau mountain-potential-light rocky desertification environment(Bijie Salaxi)and Mountain valley non-potential rocky desertification(Shibing Karst Research Area)environment were selected to represent the overall structure of the karst environment in southern China.we extract the karst rocky desertification data of 2010,2015,2018 and evaluate the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of ecosystem service functions with the “3S” technology.The response mechanism of the ecosystem service function in karst rocky desertification areas and rocky desertification to reveal the response mechanism of different rocky desertification areas degrees and ecosystem service functions were clarified.Compared with the implementation of the ecological engineering industrial layout of rocky desertification pro and post and the differences of the ecosystem service functions put forward the optimization and adjustment method of the service function of the rocky desertification control ecosystem,which provides scientific and technological reference for the region of the economic,ecological and social benefits.(1)The overall degree of karst rocky desertification in the three study areas showed a declining trend.The rocky desertification area of Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang River has a reduction of 340.38 hm2.The rocky desertification area of Bijie Sala Creek has a reduction of 225.41 hm2.The karst rocky desertification area of Shibing has a reduction of 321.63 hm2.Based on all the characteristics of temporal and spatial evolution of rocky desertification,and the study on the transfer of rocky desertification in the study areas,a simulation system of rocky desertification diffusion was developed,which solves a technical difficulty of current decision-making information of rocky desertification control.From the perspective of the average ecosystem service function,Shi Bingkarst was the largest(2.07),next one was Sara River(1.63),and the smallest was Huajiang(1.47).After a comparative analysis of the total value of integrated ecosystem service functions over the past 8 years,the largest was Shi Bingkar(14199.06),Salaxi(18832.27),and the lowest was Huajiang(11063.09).(2)The total amount of soil conservation in the study areas showed an increasing trend.Guanling Zhenfeng Huajiang was 36600 tons,Bijie Sala River was 39200 tons and Shibing karst was 66400 tons.According to the response characteristics of different degree / area of karst rocky desertification and soil conservation function,it was concluded that: intensity > moderate,intensity area had no soil to flow after long-term erosion,while moderate loss soil was greater than intensity.For areas with low degree of rocky desertification,slope length and slope gradient,the soil conservation function was more potential than light,and the difference between potential and light was not significant.However,for areas with large slope length and gradient,it was light > potential,most of potential regions were wasteland and sloping farmland,etc.with large soil loss.It was revealed that in different areas the emphases of karst rocky desertification control were different.For areas with poor ecological geological background,vegetation coverage and water conservation measures were the key to effectively control rocky desertification.(3)The habitats quality showed an increasing trend.The total value of the habitat quality of Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang River increased from 333898.40 to 372548.20,Bijie Sala Creek increased from 5388955.80 to 632265.16,and the Shibing Karst Research Area increased from 25474730.98 to 2559603.46.The quality of rocky desertification habitats at different levels generally decreases gradually with the increase of the degree of rocky desertification,which shows no karst rocky desertification> potential> mild> moderate> intensity.Compared with the increment,the increment rate of habitat quality of Sala river is slower than that of Huajiang river.The rate of vegetation restoration in Sala river is higher than that in Huajiang River,which indicates that the restoration of habitat quality is slow in the areas with severe Karst rocky desertification,and which requires a long vegetation succession law.For the areas with high vegetation succession,the change of habitat quality is slow.(4)The carbon stocks in research areas showed an increasing trend.The carbon stocks of Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang increased from 2566.17 t to 3251.25 t.The Bijie Sala River rose from 4664.86 t to 4949.42 t,and the Shibing Karst Research Area rose from 28284.74 t to 28508.78 t.The ecological environment in the Shibing Karst study area was the best,and the vegetation types and coverage were the most,so the carbon storage was the largest of the three,indicating that the carbon storage was positively correlated with the regional ecological environment.As the degree of rocky desertification increases,the carbon storage gradually decreased,the specific order was roughly: none> potential> mild> medium Degree> Strength.Carbon storage in rocky desertification control area can be optimized by vegetation carbon conversation.(5)In the soil conservation function,the first five years benefit of the artificial protective forest is high,and the later period effect is decreased,so it needs to be adjusted manually.Closing the mountain to cultivate forest belongs to long-term management,the effect increases gradually from the early stage to the later stage,and the ecosystem formed is stable.Next is economic forest which has better ecological and economic benefits and can be popularized.Artificial grassland,with general income,can be improved by implementing the spatial optimal allocation mode of agriculture,grass,forest and grass.In terms of habitat quality,Guanling Zhenfeng Huajiang artificial shelter forest is the best,Bijie Sala river is the economic forest,which shows that different control measures have different effects on the improvement of regional habitat quality.In the process of vegetation restoration and reconstruction,we should combine the dominant species of the region and choose the vegetation with the characteristics of stone and calcium.In terms of carbon storage,economic forest and artificial shelter forest have better carbon storage capacity.The development of mountain tourism ecological industry does not cause the decline of ecosystem service function.(6)Karst rock desertification control projects / ecological industries are all shown to improve the rate of regional vegetation restoration,which can be promoted and used by the project layout method.At the same time,a rocky desertification control measure does not show continuous changes in growth or is always the best benefit.The restoration of vegetation and the increase and decrease of ecosystem service functions are controlled by the project implementation period.This conclusion can provide theoretical support for the management of rocky desertification.By analyzing and comparing the critical time points and decay time points of the rocky desertification control measures of different years,human intervention and control in advance can be achieved to a optimal control.Based on the comparative analysis of the response characteristics of the control projects / ecological industries and ecosystem service functions,economic forests,mountain enclosures,artificial forests,mountain tourism,etc.are taken as the control objects,and related optimization and control measures are proposed. |
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