Evaluation Of Farmers' Satisfaction With The Effect Of Sanitary Improvement Of Toilets In Rural Areas

Small toilets,big people's livelihood.The toilet revolution in rural areas is related to life quality improvement of hundreds of millions of rural households(Central Agricultural Office et al.2018).General Secretary Xi Jinping has always attached great importance to the toilet problem in rural areas.In December 2014,he had emphasized that solving the toilet problem was of symbolic significance in the new rural construction during the investigation in Jiangsu.In July 2015,he said that a toilet revolution should be carried out so that people in rural areas could use sanitary latrines when he made an inspection Jilin Province.In November 2017,Xi Jinping once again pointed out that the toilet problem was not a small matter,we should promote the work of improving water and toilet as a specific work of Rural Revitalization Strategy,and strive to make up for this short board that affects the life quality of the masses,and improve their civilized and sanitary quality.In 2020,it was the end of the year of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and the battle against poverty in an all-round way.No.1 central document in 2020 pointed out that we should speed up the shortcomings of the rural infrastructure and public services and enhance happiness and achievements sense of the farmers.At present,the toilet environment in China's rural areas is the most intuitive manifestation of the gap between urban and rural areas,and the weak toilet culture also reflects the rural ecological civilization shortcomings.In the process of rural revitalization,rural sanitary toilet reform cannot only improve people's quality of life,but also is closely related to rural economy,environment,life,culture and governance.To grasp the toilet is to grasp the economy,to grasp the environmental sanitation is to grasp the economy,and good ecological environment and health guarantee are the premise of attracting investment.A small toilet reflects the people's livelihood and great civilization.Sanitary toilet reform is also the only way to reactivate rural areas,to achieve rural industrial prosperity,ecological livability,rich life,rural civilization and effective governance.As an important participant and beneficiary of rural sanitation reform,farmers' satisfaction is an important standard to evaluate the sanitary improvement project.At the same time,farmers' satisfaction is also an important reference for the promotion and improvement of successive policies.Therefore,based on the perspective of farmers,this paper evaluates the implementation effect of the current toilet reform,and puts forward relevant policy suggestions.On the one hand,it is the application and expansion of the existing theory,on the other hand,it has important reference and guiding value for the domestic practice of sanitary toilet reform.Based on the basic principles of welfare economics,combined with the related concepts of health economics and behavioral economics,this paper explores the farmers' satisfaction with rural sanitary toilet reform by using 128 questionnaires from 4 townships in Yangling Demonstration Area.On this basis,it quantitatively analyzes the important factors affecting farmers' satisfaction,and puts forward relevant suggestions on basis of empirical research.The arrangement of the full text includes five chapters.The first chapter is the introduction part.Firstly,it combs the historical background and important practice of toilet reform since the founding of new China.Secondly,combined with the research purpose of this paper,it collects and sorts out the relevant research results at home and abroad,and puts forward the research ideas and methods.The second chapter defines and sorts out the concept of toilet reform,the types of sanitary latrines and the adverse consequences of lack of sanitary facilities,and introduces the satisfaction theory and health economic theory as the theoretical basis of this paper.The third chapter introduces the general situation of Yangling Demonstration Area,the origin of toilet reform,toilet reform standards and implementation status.The fourth chapter is the construction of the evaluation index system,data sources,research process and sample characteristics,quantitative analysis of the overall satisfaction of farmers to the sanitary toilet reform and the distribution of subsystem importance and satisfaction.The fifth chapter is the summary and policy suggestions.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The overall satisfaction of rural households in Yangling Demonstration Area is in the middle level from “average” to “satisfactory”,and there is still room for improvement.(2)Among the seven sub-systems of farmers' satisfaction,perceived usefulness,perceived ease of use and equipment maintenance or repair management should be consolidated and maintained.Attention should be paid to the effect of sewage treatment.The importance of cost subsystem is low and its satisfaction is close to the average.The importance of toilet house construction and the realization of farmers' participation rights are relatively high but the farmers' satisfaction are relatively low,so both which are the focus of improving the toilet reform work in the future.