The Impact And Assessment Of Female Laborers On Farmland Circulation Concentration And Environmentally Friendly Agricultural Production

Food security is related to the national economy and people's livelihood.Although Chinese grain self-produced rate has exceeded 95%.Under the pressure of population growth and residents' increasing requirements for food quality,Chinese future food security situation remains grim."We should keep our bowl always in our hands,and our rice bowls should be filled with high-quality grains" is the theme of continuous agricultural production that we should never give up.However,there are currently two outstanding problems in agricultural production: First,the small-scale farmers that is the main operating entity and the fragmented land has low production efficiency.And,it has seriously deteriorated the further increase in grain production;second,excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers do harmful to the quality of farmland.Besides,the quality of food produced in low-quality farmland cannot meet the needs of residents.Under the constraints of the quantity of arable land resources,pursue profit from large scale,transformation of fragmented farmland to large-scale and environmentally friendly farming become the key to ensuring food quantity,quality and safety.Under the background that the rural land contract system remains unchanged,farmland transfer is the only way to develop sustainable intensive management.The Chinese government has also issued a series of land policies to promote the transfer and concentration of rural farmland,but there are about 67.4% of the cultivated land is still managed by smallholders.In terms of improvement of the farmland quality and guaranteeing food quality and safety,the status quo is not optimistic.Farming behaviors that will endanger the quality of farmland,such as excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers,are still the main means to promote production and ensure a good harvest.Aiming at the increasingly obvious trend of feminization of agriculture and based on relevant domestic and foreign research and theories,female laborer is as the focus.this paper deeply explores the law that the impact of female laborer on family's farmland transfer concentration and environmentally friendly farming behavior.Our aims is that Provide valuable reference information for China,to accelerate the process of farmland circulation and promote sufficient and high-quality food production.Based on the selected variables and the completion of the "Questionnaire for Farmer Family Background and Farmland Management Status" design,three districts and counties in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province were selected as survey areas,which are Yangling District,Zhouzhi County and Huyi District.We conducted random surveys in January 2018,and 592 valid questionnaires were collected to construct a research database.After constructed econometric models,we analyze the influence of female laborer variables on the family's farmland renting-in and renting-out decision-making and the characteristics of female laborer characteristics on rural households' recycling agricultural waste and other production behaviors.The main findings are as follows:(1)Female laborers' farming has a significant negative impact on household renting-out behavior.In addition,the family that have less female laborer and younger female laborers will have greater probability of renting out farmland;(2)The proportion of female agricultural laborers in female laborers has a positive impact on family decision-making of renting-in,but male laborer has a greater impact.and male laborers are the dominant role in large-scale renting-in of farmland;(3)Among the variables related to female laborer,the level of education has a positive impact on recycling of agricultural waste.In addition,female laborer has no significant influence on reduction of pesticide and fertilizer;(4)There is a significant negative relationship between farmland management scale and input of pesticide and fertilizer.Relevant suggestions based on research findings include:(1)Create more local nonagricultural employment opportunities for female laborers,and attract female laborers from non-transfer households and partial rented-out households to transfer to non-agricultural industries,so as to reduce their negative impact to farmland renting out.(2)Provide more agricultural skills education and training opportunities for female laborers,improve the farmland management capabilities of female laborers in rent-in families(agricultural livelihood families),promote the concentration of farmland,and enhance female labor's cognition toward agricultural pro-environmental behavior.(3)Encourage some families or individuals(especially male laborers)with strong farmland management capabilities to contract farmland,provide policy support and subsidies to accelerate the process of large-scale farming.