| In recent years,German passive ultra-low energy building technology have been focused on in China.For the high airtightness of a passive low-energy dwelling in the several cold region,the displacement ventilation system was employed to ensure occupants' fresh air requirements.Harbin is a typical city in the severe cold area in China.A residential building in Harbin was surveyed with floor and ceiling radiant system for cooling and heating in summer and winter,which may create a comfortable indoor thermal environment.Thus,window opening for the occupants was not allowed.However,overheated or overcooled rooms sometimes drove people to open windows to improve thermal comfort.Therefore,it is necessary to study occupants' window opening behavior and their thermal comfort in the first passive dwelling in Harbin,so as to provide reference for energy efficiency operation of the building.A questionnaire census of passive dwelling and conventional buildings in the same neighborhood in Harbin were conducted.4 passive houses and 4 conventional residence were selected for the further research.The indoor thermal environment and fenestration behavior of selected residential houses have been tested for a long time.Indoor and outdoor temperature and relative humidity,residents' occupancy and window behavior were monitored continuously.Indoor air speed monitoring and subjective survey were conducted by intermittent examination.According to specific analysis to the test data,indoor environment of the two types of buildings in transitional season and summer were compared.Occupants' window opening behavior,thermal comfort and mechanical ventilation system usage habits in transitional season and summer were analyzed to propose suggestions about natural and mechanical ventilation.The data processing software SPSS is used to analyze data of the window opening behavior and the environmental parameters,and mathematical statistics approaches such as single variable analysis,the collinear diagnosis and the normalization treatment were used to find the influential factors to the window opening behavior in transition season and summer.Then Logistic regression analysis was conducted on the influential factors and window opening behavior to establish a window opening probability model.Finally,the accuracy of the probability model was verified by correlation analysis.The results showed that the thermal environment in the passive dwelling in the severe cold area was better than that in conventional residence in the transitional season and summer.The indoor environmental parameters of the two types of residential quarters in transition season met human thermal comfort requirements but indoor relative humidity of residential houses in summer was slightly high.Residents in passive houses prefer to open windows for thermal comfort during the transition season.In summer,the frequency of fenestration in passive house was lower than that of conventional buildings.Occupants in both types of buildings were satisfied with the indoor temperature(voted between-1 and +1)and air speed(voted between 0 and +1).The satisfaction degree with the indoor thermal environment of residents in passive house was lower than that in conventional buildings in summer.It is suggested that more environmental control measures should be given to improve occupants' thermal comfort.In summer,about 18% of the passive tenants expressed dissatisfaction with the mechanical ventilation system,indicating that the indoor air supplied by the system smell peculiar.About 86% of households expected the ventilation system to run continuously.Thermal comfort and window opening behavior were interrelated.When human body's thermal comfort balance was broken,people would take action(such as operating windows)to maintain thermal comfort,so opening windows and other adaptive behaviors may help people to improve their thermal comfort.Finally,the regression models in passive and conventional buildings were obtained. |
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