Research On The Integrated Design Of Solar Fresh Air System Based On Indoor Air Quality Of Nursery Buildings In Cold Region

In recent years,with global warming,environmental pollution is serious and air quality is deteriorating.As a large industrial country with rapid economic development,energy and air pollution have become the most important issues hindering economic development and national life.According to the national policy of energy conservation and emission reduction and reduce building energy consumption,high airtightness has become a major feature of energy-saving buildings,which is easy to cause poor flow and high concentration of pollutants for indoor air.People,especially young children,always spend most of their time indoors.Indoor air quality directly affects their health and living comfort.Young children are in the critical period of growth and development,and the respiratory system and other tissues have no enough capacity to withstand air pollution.The research on indoor air quality is far less than that on outdoor air pollution.How to effectively improve indoor air quality of nursery buildings to ensure children’s physical health is a subject worth concentrating on.Nursery buildings have the characteristics of considerable quantity and daytime use,which have obvious applicability for the application of low-cost solar energy.Meanwhile,nursery buildings have higher requirements for indoor air quality and solar energy utilization equipment than conventional buildings.Therefore,the solar fresh air system becomes an effective way.As the main part of the solar fresh air system,the solar air collector can absorb the solar energy through the heat collecting panel to directly heat the air.The solar fresh air system,taken the air as the heat transfer medium,can not only provide heat energy for the building,but also provide fresh air and improve the indoor air quality.Among the various kinds of solar air collectors,the permeable solar air collector has the prominent advantages of high heating efficiency,simple structure,low cost and good compatibility with buildings.It has high adaptation for the nursery buildings and has the basic conditions of integrated design,which is conducive to large-scale promotion.However,at present,the integrated design of permeable solar air collector for improving indoor air quality of nursery buildings is in a preliminary exploration stage.There are few reports on the influence of permeable solar air collector on the indoor air quality and residential thermal comfort of the nursery buildings.This paper is mainly based on indoor air quality of nursery buildings in cold areas.The integrated design of permeable solar air collector and nursery buildings is carried out to form a permeable solar fresh air system,which can transport the heated fresh air and improve the indoor air quality for the nursery buildings.According to the researches on the requirements of indoor air for the nursery buildings and the principle of solar collector and fresh air system,an integration design method to combine the permeable solar fresh air system with nursery buildings was preliminarily established.It includes the integrated design principles,numerical design methods,integrated location and construction methods.Based on the design practice of the Golden Childhood Kindergarten in Jinan city,the theory of design method was verified.The heating season and transition season in Jinan were selected as the testing period.The basic parameters effecting the indoor air quality in the kindergarten was tested and analyzed,including temperature,humidity,carbon dioxide concentration,PM₁₀ concentration and microbial concentration.The results show that the permeable solar fresh air system can effectively improve indoor air quality for the nursery buildings.Comparing with the room without the fresh air system,the permeable solar fresh air system can improve the indoor temperature of 2.5℃on average in fine weather.It can also effectively reduce the indoor CO₂ concentration by more than 30%and reduce indoor PM₁₀ concentration by more than 45%.The system has a certain effect on the improvement of reducing indoor microorganism concentration.Through the analyzing of testing data,the systematic performance evaluation and design optimization for the permeable solar fresh air system used in nursery buildings was carried out.The results show that the system has good economic and environmental benefits.The ratio of the selected heat collector area to the room area can be taken as the 1/11.The permeable solar fresh air system is suitable for further widespread application in nursery buildings even other buildings.