Research On Form Rules Of Rural Housing Based On Shape Grammar And Its Design Application

The traditional rural housing construction mode is generally self-built by the villagers,and each household carries out construction according to its own needs.Residential building forms are different,the spatial level is well-arranged,the rural overall form presents a unified and changing characteristics.However,most of the new rural houses are single and similar,and do not inherit the traditional rural style.One of the fundamental reasons is the unified planning and construction,and the housing construction process is excessively restricted by the urbanization development model and standardized design drawings.In recent years,the research on rural housing form design in China has been increasing gradually,and new methods and technologies have attracted more and more attention from the academic circle.Among them,shape grammar,as a design method based on shape calculation,can systematically analyze the existing spatial form and architectural form,and summarize the form rules,which can provide reliable basis for the subsequent new design.Compared with traditional design methods,shape grammar is helpful to carry out systematic morphological quantitative analysis and research,and it can also be combined with computer-aided design to generate rural spatial forms in line with regional environmental characteristics.In the process of rural housing design,on the one hand,architects can invoke the form rules to help them design more optimized,more rural,more unified and diverse projects.On the other hand,shape grammar can effectively integrate the needs of the residents into the design considerations and help architects and residents jointly create a new type of "harmony in difference" rural housing.The research of this paper is mainly from the theory,technology and application of shape grammar.(1)Theoretical structure and practical application of shape grammar.Based on the study of the theories of related disciplines and the frontier literature of shape grammar and the classical cases,the theoretical composition of shape grammar is systematically expounded,and the definition of the label shape,parameter shape and component function in shape grammar is explained.Through the research on the relationship between form grammar and the design of Malagueira House,this paper analyzes how to carry out the research on the existing design through grammar,sums up the form rules,and then applies the rules to the design of new housing.(2)Form rules of rural housing design.First of all,the traditional rural houses in northern China were investigated and studied to sort out their features and form rules,which provided early support for later rule making.Secondly,shape grammar is used to define the basic shape and its application process of three levels: rural residential area,homestead layout and residential building.Thirdly,define the initial shape of the rural house,and label the initial shape,and carry out the housing design according to the design process.Finally,the system decomposes the generation steps of housing design,and sorts out the design application process of form rules.(3)Design and application of rural housing form rules.Firstly,an operable village is selected as the research object,and one of the typical residential groups is selected for research and design.Secondly,shape grammar is applied to extract the hierarchical characteristics of rural residential areas,determine the appropriate size and form of homestead,and carry out housing design according to the needs of residents.Finally,this paper compares the new rural housing based on shape grammar with the original traditional housing,and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of shape grammar in the design and application of rural housing.Through the above three aspects of content research,provide a set of practical and operation-oriented residential design method for rural construction,explore the organization rules of rural housing spatial form,and work together with architects and users to improve rural residential environment construction.