Structured Modeling Of Parking Behaviors And Calculating Of Optimum Parking Rate

With the reform and opening and the continuous improvement of living standards,the number of urban residents' vehicles is increasing.With the increase in demand for motorized trip,the demand for parking has also increased,and the problem of “difficult parking” has become increasingly prominent.In-depth understanding and analyzing of the parking behavior mechanism is one of the effective ways to master the travelers' parking decisions.Establishing a reasonable structure for parking rate,which can guide the travelers' parking decisions,will effectively alleviate the parking pressure and release traffic resources.However,the existing parking behavior analysis does not analyze the connection between various parking decisions,such as parking area selection,parking lot selection and parking period selection.Moreover,the existing researches on the parking rate does not adjust the parking rate structure according to the combined parking decisions based on the complex relationship of parking behaviors,and the guidance of the parking demand distribution is insufficient.This paper will deeply analyze the mechanism of parking decision and the one-way/two-way relationship between each parking decision.Based on the analysis results,the combined parking decisions will be exacted.Considering the utility of the combined parking decision,the optimal parking charging strategy will be determined with the goal of maximizing social benefits,which provides theoretical support for parking behavior analysis and parking rate measurement methods.This paper first conducts a survey and analysis of parking data.According to steps of the investigation,data processing method and analysis,the parking behavior data and the parking fee willing data are investigated and analyzed.Parking behavior data is obtained by using the methods of collecting questionnaire,face-to-face survey and data review.Through analysis,factors that may affect the travelers' parking decisions are found.And the price sensitivity curve is drawn by collecting data of parking fee willingness with questionnaires.The acceptable range of the parking rate and the parking rate ratio of different combined parking decisions are obtained.This paper analyzes parking behavior based on structural equation modeling.Based on the data analysis,the characteristic variables for the parking behavior analysis are determined.And then the model is calibrated and verified.The results show that parking decisions are not only affected by age,number of passengers,family members,family monthly income,trip purpose and average parking fee of single trip.There are also complex one-way/two-way effects among parking decisions.The relationship between parking in CBD and on-street parking,parking in CBD and parking period are two-way,indicating that there is no fixed relationship between the parking decisions.According to the correlation between each parking decision,in order to calculate the parking rate in consideration of the parking behavior more accurately,CBD/Non-CBD parking,on-street/off-street parking and peak/off-peak parking are extracted as eight kinds of combined parking decisions.The utility of the combined parking decision based on the MNL model is calculated by this paper.Firstly,the MNL model of combined parking decision is established,and the model is calibrated and verified.The results show that the model has high prediction accuracy for combined parking decisions.According to the results,the utility function of each combined parking decision is obtained.This paper carries out the optimization modeling of parking rates.Considering the utility of combined parking decision,parking demand and parking facility cost,aiming at maximizing social benefits,an optimization model of parking rate is established,and the model is solved by the method of Lagrange multiplier.The calculating of parking rates in a city is studied as a case.The results show that after the implementation of the new rate structure,the social benefits can be increased and the choice of parking decision has shifted,which has alleviated the parking pressure during the peak hours of on-street parking facilities in the CBD.The structural equation-based parking behavior modeling analysis in this paper deeply analyzes the complex one-way/two-way e relationship among various parking decisions.Based on the analysis results,combined parking decisions considering multiple parking behaviors are extracted.Compared with the traditional ones,parking behavior analysis by this paper has certain innovation.The optimal parking rates based on the utility of each combined parking decision is calculated in this paper.The research results can be applied to the formulation of parking fee strategies in various cities,which can guide the travelers' parking decisions and relieve parking pressure and road traffic resources.