The Characteristics Of Parking Behavior And The Optimization Method Of Supply And Demand Balance Based On Parking Sharing Mode In Urban Residential Areas

With the continuous development of economics and the accelerating process of urbanization,the quantity of motor vehicles in our country is growing rapidly.At the same time,with the expansion of city scale and the increase of the citizen's income of residents,the proportion of travrelling by private cars is rising.However,urban parking resources are limited by the urban space and land prices and other factors,which has not been development correspondingly.The gap of urban parking space is more and enormous because of the unbalanced development of the vehicle population and parking resources.Residential parking contradiction is particularly serious,especially near the city center area of old residential areas.First,this type of residential areas due to the built in the early years,parking spaces with a relatively low amount of construction,in accordance with the current standard has long been in short supply;Second,this type of residential area is located in the hinterland of the city,whose surrounding land has a very high development intensity,which causes lack of roadside parking resources.How to use the theory and method of shared parking to make full use of existing parking resources,to effectively alleviate the contradiction between urban parking and optimize the allocation of parking resources,has become an urgent need to address the current stage of an objective solution to the characteristics of urban residential area.Firstly,three representative typical residential areas were selected in the central area of Yangzhou City,and video recording collected the data of motor vehicle access for nine consecutive days(including five working days and four rest days).The time-varying regularities of arrival and departure of motor vehicles in residential areas were quantitatively analyzed at 15-minute intervals for working days and rest days.Based on the analysis of time series model,the berth occupancy rate of the residential area is very regular,which is suitable for the shared parking mode,also gives the parking manager sufficient space to optimize parking resource configuration.Secondly,in order to further analyze the feasibility of implementing shared parking in residential areas,it is necessary to know the willingness-to-share near the residential area.Taking into account the domestic parking patterns have been implemented in the sample of residential areas is rare,a scene questionnaire of residential shared parking mode is designed to quantitatively analyze extent of the impact of different factors on the selection process during of parking facility choice.The results show that the parkers have positive and open attitude towards the shared parking mode in the residential area,and the parking effect factors have different difference for the shared parking behavior under different parking purposes.Thirdly,in order to quantitatively analyze the sensitivity relationship between the parking behavior and the influencing factors,the Logit model is used to analyze the parking demand patterns of the residential,the commute and the flexible.The process of parking facility selection is affected by different factors on both the extent and scope of the selection process.In order to simulate the nonlinear effects of variables on the target variable more accurately,the BP neural network is used to model and analyze the shared parking decision process of three kinds of parking demand,which is supplement and perfect to Logit model.By comparing the simulation effect of shared parking facility selection process,it is shown that despite the impact of different factors for different types of parking demand effect of the difference is greater,the familiarity and charging both have a significant impact on the three types of parking demand.At last,in order to effectively regulate the utilization of parking resources in the residential area from the perspective of the manager,and to evaluate the effect of the shared parking method on the improvement of parking in the residential area,based on the analysis of parking demand of shared parking facilities,the probability model of fixed parking demand and flexible parking demand are established respectively in the flat period and the peak period for residential parking zone.Then the parking permit and floating fee method are used targeting at fixed and flexible parking demand.By increasing or decreasing the number of parking permits issued,it is possible to effectively control the demand for fixed parking,to adjust the occupancy rate of residential areas.Adjusting the parking-charging rate dynamically according to the real-time berth occupancy of the residential area can effectively adjust the flexible parking demand.Increasing the price pay-per-park or pay-per-hour based on the cumulative pricing effect achieve the purpose of reducing the occupancy rate of berths.