Evaluation And Optimization Of The Efficiency Of Chinese Ports From The Perspective Of Maritime Silk Road

The “Belt and Road” construction is guided by infrastructure interconnection,and ports are the strategic fulcrum for connecting the Maritime Silk Road.The construction of the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” has enabled ports to gain more development opportunities and put forward higher requirements for port efficiency.Evaluating the efficiency of Chinese major ports from the perspective of the Maritime Silk Road and proposing an optimization plan is an important part of promoting the construction of the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road.The article is based on the relevant theories,evaluation methods of port efficiency and the development of ports on the Maritime Silk Road perspective to select the number of berths production and the length of production berths used for port as input indicators,and port container throughput and cargo throughput as output indicators.In addition,this paper takes the port direct economic hinterland GDP,total import and export volume and cargo turnover as environmental factors affecting port efficiency.Then,using three-stage DEA model to analyse port efficiency.Ports include Shanghai Port,Tianjin Port,Ningbo-Zhoushan Port,Guangzhou Port,Shenzhen Port,Zhanjiang Port,Shantou Port,Qingdao Port,Yantai Port,Dalian Port,Fuzhou Port,Xiamen Port,Quanzhou Port and Haikou Port.The results show that after removing the influence of environmental factors and random variables,the overall efficiency of Chinese major ports has increased slightly,but the overall efficiency of the ports is still relatively low.Only Shenzhen Port and Qingdao Port are at the forefront of technology,while other ports more or less have problems of port infrastructure scale and management technology.Further,combined with the goal of the Maritime Silk Road economic and trade cooperation network,this paper uses Tableau visualization software to analyze the spatial layout of the container ports along the Maritime Silk Road in 1995,2000,2005,2010 and 2017.And it is concluded that the port space along the Maritime Silk Road will maintain the "China-led" situation in the next period of time,which is a good opportunity for the development of Chinese major ports,but also puts higher demands on the efficiency of ports.In order to improve efficiency,the Bohai Sea Port Group should use Tianjin Port and Qingdao Port as a dual hub port,Dalian Port and Yantai Port as a supplement to form a scientific and rational structure and a well-defined port system,and strengthen cooperation with Japanese and South Korean ports.The Yangtze River Delta port group should take advantage of Shanghai Port and Ningbo-Zhoushan Port to actively establish the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road Port and Shipping Alliance.The southeast coastal port group should build Xiamen Port into a southeast international shipping center,strengthen its deepwater channel and berth construction,and actively form alliances with the three port groups on the banks of the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta and the Taiwan Strait.The Pearl River Delta Port Group should be centered on Shenzhen Port and Guangzhou Port,Shantou Port and Zhanjiang Port as the two wings to build an international hub port and a cruise line for the “Maritime Silk Road”.The southwest coastal port group needs to expand the port scale,build a specialized port terminal,improve the throughput capacity,and use the geographical advantage close to Southeast Asia to deepen the cooperation with the port routes in Southeast Asia.According to their respective situations,the five major port groups will strengthen cooperation with major ports along the Maritime Silk Road to achieve maritime connectivity and promote economic and trade cooperation and development.