Study On The Equity Of Urban Park Green Space Distribution From The Perspective Of Environmental Justice

As an important public service facility,urban park green space is closely related to people's daily life.The fairness of its spatial distribution is related to residents' quality of life and social equity and social equity.With the great abundance of people's material life,higher requirements have been put forward for the quantity and quality of park green space.In particular,the market-oriented reform has accelerated the division of social strata and the widening gap between the rich and the poor.It has been documented that the distribution of green in urban parks is highly stratified according to income level,race,age and education level.Residents of different social classes and regions cannot have the same access to urban park green space services,especially for the vulnerable groups in the society.Due to the limitation of their own ability,they are often at a disadvantage in obtaining urban park green space resources.At present,there are still few studies on the fairness of urban park green space layout in China,especially the lack of awareness on the fairness of the elderly,low-income people and other vulnerable groups in access to park green space services.Therefore,it is necessary to study the fairness of urban park green space layout in China from the perspective of environmental justice by referring to relevant foreign theories,so as to find practical entry points for the contradiction between supply and demand of urban park green space layout and reasonable layout,create a fair social environment,and realize social fairness and justice.Based on the above purposes,this study takes Jiangbei district of Chongqing city as the case area and conducts an empirical study on the fairness of urban park green space distribution based on geographic information system.The research firstly summarizes the related concepts and relevant researches at home and abroad.Based on the understanding of the connotation of environmental justice and fairness and the urban park green space,the theoretical basis of the fairness of urban park green space layout is constructed from four aspects: unfair judgment,fair realization process,value orientation and research path.Then,from the two aspects of opportunity and result equity,the paper constructs the evaluation system of opportunity and result equity of urban park green space layout.On this basis,through quantitative analysis and demonstration of equity evaluation of urban park green space layout in Jiangbei district of Chongqing,the method and content of empirical equity evaluation system model construction are demonstrated.Furthermore,it puts forward four aspects of the formation mechanism of the unfair layout of urban park green space,and the requirements of the fairness framework including the recognition of fairness,technical fairness,distribution fairness and procedural fairness.The research results show that:(1)The fairness of urban park green space includes two value orientations: opportunity fairness and outcome fairness,and the realization of the fairness of urban park green space must pay attention to three dimensions: "hierarchical dimension","temporal dimension" and "regional dimension".(2)Residents have different access to urban park green space.Residents' access to urban park green space varies in different streets and spatial levels,and their access to urban park green space of different levels varies in the same street and spatial level.(3)Urban park green space distribution and social space match well as a whole.The green space of the park with lagging facilities only has cuntan street,which only accounts for 8.33% of the total number of streets.(4)There are significant spatial differences in the fairness of specific groups in obtaining urban park green space.The spatial matching between the distribution of urban park green space resources and the elderly population and low-income population is not high.(5)The unfair spatial distribution of urban park green space is the result of multiple factors.Based on this,from the perspective of environmental justice,a fair and just framework is constructed,which includes four aspects: recognition,technology,distribution and procedure.