Research On Practical Training System For Tower Crane Installation And Disassembly Special Operators

Tower crane is one of the most important mechanical equipment in construction.Due to the complexity and high risk of the operation process,safety accidents occurred frequently during the installation,lifting and disassembly of tower cranes.Unsafe behavior is considered to be an important cause of accidents,which is closely related to inadequate operational skills of tower crane installation and disassembly workers.Practical training is an important way and effective means to improve workers’ operational skills.Based on this,this thesis conduct in-depth research on the practical training system for tower crane installation and disassembly workers.Firstly,34 accident cases were collected to analyze accident causes and dangerous characteristics of tower crane installation,lifting and disassembly operation,and to explore the influence of human behavior on the safety of operation process.Combining with the analysis of unsafe behavior mechanism and learning characteristics of training objects,the control measures of unsafe behavior based on practical training are discussed.Then,28 tower crane installation and disassembly workers were interviewed to sort out the limitations and optimization needs of the practical training system.On this basis,combined with the Internet of Things technology,a targeted improvement and optimization scheme is put forward.Finally,based on the Kirkpatrick evaluation model,the optimization effect is evaluated.The main conclusions and achievements of this thesis include:1.Human behavior has a vital impact on the safety of tower crane installation,lifting and disassembly operations.It is necessary and feasible to control the unsafe behavior of tower crane installation and disassembly workers based on practical training.2.The needs of the optimization of practical training system at the organizational level are embodied in improving the safety,economy and practicability of practical training and assessment,the needs at the post level are embodied in enhancing the pertinence and practicability of practical training content,and the needs at the individual level are embodied in enriching practical training forms and improving the efficiency of practical training.3.An experiential safety operation training device is designed and developed,which can be used for practical training and assessment of lifting and lowering operation process of tower crane.At the same time,The application of switch state-aware electronic tags and wireless displacement sensors in digital supervision of practical operation training and assessment process is emphatically introduced.4.A new assessment system for practical training is proposed,which determines the scoring criteria and the "weight" of each operation in the process of practical training and assessment according to its relevance,technical difficulty,complexity and error range.5.From the four levels of reaction layer,learning layer,behavior layer and result layer,the evaluation index system is constructed to evaluate the optimization effect.The preliminary evaluation results show that the optimization scheme proposed in this thesis has a significant positive impact on improving the safety awareness and practical skills of tower crane installation and disassembly workers,and reducing and controlling their unsafe behavior.