Study On The Rationality Of The Volume Of The Waiting Hall Of Railway Passenger Station Based On Acoustic Environment

With the development of large-scale railway construction in China,especially the construction of high-speed railway,a large number of railway passenger stations need to be built and reconstructed.In practice,the design of railway passenger station station is constantly optimized.Usually,the designer of the passenger station will consider the design of the passenger station volume from the scale of the passenger station,the combination mode of the station house,the relationship of the combination of the rain canopy and the station house,the structural form of the station house,the aesthetic orientation and the culture regionality.However,the new railway passenger station waiting hall,which is built on the basis of these factors,often takes a huge amount.In the course of actual use,the physical environment of the waiting hall of the passenger station often appears,such as the high energy consumption of the waiting hall,the unreasonable lighting control,the noise of the environment background,and so on.To solve these problems,it is usually necessary to solve the problem after the completion of the passenger station and increase the construction and operation cost of the passenger station.If the physical environment factors are taken into full consideration in the design stage of the passenger station,the cost will be effectively controlled so that the design of the passenger station station will be more reasonable.During the period of the study,the author participated in the study of the rationality of the public space volume of the railway passenger station station.One direction of the research is to discuss the rationality of the space volume design of the station room from the three aspects of the sound,light and heat of the waiting room of the passenger station,and give the designer of the passenger station in the stage of the station design.The physical environment reference for passenger station building volume control is provided.The author participated in the study of sound environment and the rationality of the waiting hall volume.In view of this,the paper takes the comfort of sound environment as the starting point to study the internal relationship between the space volume of passenger stations and the comfort of acoustic environment.First of all,we summarize the basic theoretical achievements of hall acoustics,and the basis of the existing railway passenger station volume characteristics and design methods.Then the author carries out a field survey and instrument survey on six different railway passenger stations in China,and analyses the acoustic environment characteristics of the waiting hall of the typical railway passenger station.On this basis,using the computer simulation technology,the acoustic environment characteristics of the waiting hall of the typical railway passenger station under the different volume scale are analyzed,and the reference value of the body volume design of the waiting hall for the railway passenger station based on the sound environment is put forward.The thesis is divided into three parts:The first part(the first chapter)is the introduction.As the guidance of the whole paper,it is mainly about the background,research status and research methods of the thesis.The second part(second chapters and third chapters)first summarizes the main theoretical results of the acoustics of the hall,and combines the acoustic environment characteristics of the waiting hall of the railway passenger station,summarizes the subjective and objective evaluation indexes of the acoustic environment of the waiting hall of the passenger station,and the subjective evaluation index is the language clarity,echo and loudness,and the objective evaluation index is the sound spectrum of the environment background.,the waiting hall superimposed sound level,the waiting hall environment background average sound level,the waiting hall signal-to-noise ratio.Secondly,summarize the history and development of railway passenger station in China and foreign countries,summarize the design method and design basis of the existing railway passenger station,sum up the body volume data of the existing railway passenger station station waiting room.The size of the large railway passenger station is about 340 m,wide 146 m,high 24 m and medium railway passenger station ruler.The mean value is about 158 m long,41 m wide,high 20 m,and small railway passenger station is about 85 m long,34 m wide and high 15 m.The third part(the fourth chapter)chooses six railway passenger station waiting rooms with different sizes as the object of investigation.Using the method of questionnaire and statistical analysis,the subjective evaluation of the sound environment of the waiting hall of six passenger stations is obtained.The evaluation of the sound environment of the waiting hall of the railway passenger station under the existing space is negative.The statistical results show that the quiet degree of the waiting hall,the clarity of the language communication,the size of the broadcast sound,the sound of the radio,and the sound of the broadcasting sound.The subjective feelings such as clarity are mostly "general" and "poor".At the same time,the acoustic physical indexes of the waiting rooms in six railway passenger stations are measured,and the objective evaluation results of the waiting hall’s acoustic environment are obtained.The measurement results of the waiting hall of the typical railway passenger station show that the background sound of the existing railway passenger station is characterized by high medium frequency sound level,low frequency and low frequency.The multi-point measurement results show that the average sound level range of the background sound of the passenger station is 71.5 ~ 77.7dBA,the average sound level range is 77.3 ~ 82.6dBA,and the sound level range of the broadcast sound is 76 ~ 86.3dBA.The radio signal to noise ratio of the waiting hall of six railway passenger stations is 1.8 to 4.7 dBA,which has not reached the state regulation 15 dBA,which leads to the unclear sound signal of the broadcasting sound in the waiting hall of the passenger station.The fourth part(fifth chapter),using the computer simulation technology,select the waiting hall of the railway station in the large,middle and small railway stations,to simulate the sound environment characteristics under the different space volume of the waiting hall of the same passenger station.Finally,the conclusion is drawn that the relationship between sound environment comfort and space volume of railway passenger station waiting room is concluded.The reverberation time of the waiting hall of Mount Huangshan north station is 4.64 s,the reverberation time of the waiting hall of Shexian north station is 2.25 s,and the reverberation time of the waiting hall of the HanKou Railway Station is 5.05 s,which is not satisfied with the ideal value of the reverberation time in the waiting hall.Shexian north station waiting hall height below 6.5m,can meet the 1.5s reference standard requirements.The reverberation time in the waiting hall of HanKou Railway Station is the largest with the decrease of height,the height of waiting hall is reduced by 9m,and reverberation time is reduced by 2.35 s.In the waiting room of large railway passenger station,the height of the space is reduced and the sound environment is changed more obviously.For small railway passenger stations,the height of the space is reduced by 2m or lower at the existing height,which can meet the ideal values of the relevant reference standards.