| Since my country's urbanization has entered a period of rapid development,human development and utilization activities have increased,and the ecological environment has been severely damaged,hindering the construction of ecological civilization in my country and affecting the sustainable development of the national economy.The watershed landscape pattern is an important ecological barrier for watershed towns,and maintaining ecological safety is extremely important.The Wanquan River Basin is located in the east of Hainan Province.The landscape spatial structure is complex and diverse,and the quality of the ecological environment is excellent.However,with the development of the economy and the construction of the Hainan International Tourism Island,the landscape pattern of the Wanquan River Basin is unbalanced and the ecological environment has deteriorated.Measures to improve the landscape pattern,adjust the landscape spatial structure,restore the landscape function,and achieve coordinated and sustainable development of the ecological environment and economy of the river basin.In this paper,the Wanquan River Basin is taken as the research object.Based on the landscape pattern,the four phases of remote sensing images in 2010,2013.2016 and 2019 in the Wanquan River Basin are selected and preprocessed.The GIS,ENVI and Fragstats technology With the support of a computer and manual interpretation of remote sensing images,the landscape pattern index needed for research is selected,and the problems and future changes in the landscape pattern of the Wanquan River Basin are analyzed from the aspects of landscape level and patch type.The related theories such as landscape ecology theory,"source and sink" landscape theory and other related theories propose optimization strategies for the problems,and provide reference significance for the development of ecological environment governance and restoration measures in the Wanquan River Basin.The main findings are as follows:(1)From the perspective of the overall landscape,from 2010 to 2019,compared with other land,except for the large decrease of 1.39%in the landscape area of forest land,the other landscape areas have increased slightly,of which construction land increased by 0.66%,an increase maximum.It shows that the acceleration of the urbanization process in my country and the construction of Hainan International Tourism Island are the fundamental reasons for the change in the landscape structure of the Wanquan River Basin.(2)From a landscape level perspective,the landscape shape of the Wanquan River Basin is more complex,with a low degree of fragmentation.The number of patches decreased by 530 in 9 years,and the patch density decreased by 0.1378/hm2,indicating that the degree of fragmentation has decreased year by year.The trend of the overall ecological environment is higher,but due to its frequent construction activities,the overall landscape type of the river basin is in a scattered pattern,the connectivity between the landscapes is poor,and the landscape heterogeneity is strong.There are obvious dominant landscape types,and each landscape type is unevenly distributed in the landscape.(3)From the perspective of patch type level,the fragmentation degree of patch types in gardens,waters and construction land is relatively high,and the connectivity is weak;the fragmentation degree of forest land and construction land has an increasing trend year by year;the types of cultivated land and forest land landscape The degree of aggregation is low,and the landscape heterogeneity is strong.The landscape heterogeneity of each landscape type has a trend of increasing year by year.Therefore,its optimization focuses on adjusting the number of patches at the horizontal level of each landscape type,the proportion of patches,the degree of patch aggregation,and the degree of uniformity of spatial distribution.At the vertical level of each landscape type,attention should be paid to adjusting the spatial structure of vegetation.The optimization of each landscape type is the core task to realize the optimization of the landscape pattern of the research area.(4)From the perspective of the spatial structure of the watershed,the spatial distribution of each landscape type is uneven and the structure is imperfect.Its optimization needs to build a reasonable landscape internal network system,establish natural mountain corridors and water corridors to build an overall landscape skeleton to enhance landscape connectivity,improve the study area internal network system,build a landscape integration network,and improve the mosaic structure of each landscape element.Landscape integration optimization highlights the unified adjustment and design of each landscape type,coordinates the relationship between various landscape types,grasps the existing landscape landscape pattern,and builds a rich and stable network system.The construction of landscape integrated network is the key to realize the optimization of the landscape pattern of the research area.(5)In order to optimize the ecological pattern and functional structure within the landscape of the study area,we must pay attention to the unlimited expansion of the town,strictly control the "Three Zones and Three Lines",control and protection on the basis of not destroying the existing ecological environment.In areas with important ecological functions within the ecological space area,control the boundaries of urban development and ensure the protection and control of urban space,agricultural space and ecological space.Adhere to the maintenance of "source" landscapes that promote ecological environment protection and biodiversity,and restore the "sink" landscapes that have an inhibitory ecological process,so as to optimize the landscape pattern of the Wanquan River Basin. |
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