Research On Modern Camel Transport Industry In Western Inner Mongolia (1840-1937)

Western Inner Mongolia is located in the northwest border of China.Due to the numerous Gobi deserta,rid climate and other natural ecological environment,camel transport became the main mode of transportation in western Inner Mongolia in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.By the "check","Mr Horse" and "a" camel camel of luck in the long run,gradually formed a relatively fixed transport network,the transportation network covers almost all of Inner Mongolia and xinjiang province and Inner Mongolia have economic exchanges and the surrounding countries,formed a specific organization form,the unwritten rules and camel carrying culture,etc.With the Great Wall as the boundary,the western region of Inner Mongolia,as a northern frontier region different from the inland,has different characteristics from the Han in the inland.These different characteristics are not only reflected in the ecological geographical environment,but also in People's Daily production and life.Since the domestication of the grassland nationalities,camels have been used for transportation,riding and so on.In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,han merchants represented by Jin merchants began to transport tea and silk and other goods along the West road and the North Road by taking advantage of the "Tea and horse trade" in the late Ming Dynasty and the unification of Xinjiang in the early Qing Dynasty,forming a camel transport industry integrating commerce and transportation.In the Qing Dynasty,the camel transport industry in western Inner Mongolia rose and fell,but reached its peak in the Reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty.After the Republic of China,with the development of road and railway transport,the cumbersome camel transport gradually came to an end.This paper is composed of the following parts: The first chapter mainly describes the natural ecological environment of western Inner Mongolia,the main reasons for the rise of camel transport industry,which is mainly supported by the Government of The Qing Dynasty,the formation of commercial towns and the influence of traveling and Mongolian merchants,and gives a brief overview of the development of camel transport industry before the late Qing Dynasty.The second chapter mainly tells the daily life of camel traders and camel drivers engaged in camel transportation industry,as well as the organization and rules of camel caravans,and focuses on the commercial route of camel caravans running goods and the military transportation of camel caravans.The third chapter mainly tells that with the emergence of modern new means of transportation,train and road gradually replaced the heavy camel transport.Chapter four mainly tells the special contribution of camel transportation industry.The development of one industry will definitely affect the development of other industries.Camel transportation industry drives the prosperity of tooth discipline and Tongsi Xing.Brigade of business into the Commodity Exchange ideas into the Mongolian area,also is given priority to with camel carrying trade,not only meets the need of the mongolian people's on necessities,on the other hand,monte trade gradually formed silk tea camel road to communication mainland important picture of the Han and the northern nomadic people,for the Chinese mainland shall strengthen economic exchanges with the northwest region has played an important role.