| Land,as the basic site for human survival and development,is the basis for human beings to live and produce.It's the most direct material reflection of the relationship between man and land.With the continuous advancement of ecological civilization construction in China,it has been paid more and more attention by the academics about how to realize the coordinated development of ecology and economy in the process of land use.Liangjiang New Area of Chongqing is a State-Level New Area with three historical missions of "inland opening demonstration,western development first,comprehensive reform experiment",there is relatively superior location conditions,and it enjoys a variety of policy overlapping advantages,but it is also limits which located in the mountainous area.With the continuous advancement of the 13 th five-year plan,regional urbanization and industrialization levels are constantly improving,the mild slop of low mountains and hills resources are developed continuously,but the ecological environment of the mild slop of low mountains and hills is fragile in the process of construction and development,it will affect the stability of the ecosystem to some extent.At the same time,land use has changed significantly,and the landscape pattern has also changed correspondingly,but the degree of change and the impact on the regional ecosystem is an urgent issue to be understood.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to solve the practical contradiction between regional economic development and ecological protection by studying the regional landscape pattern change and its driving factors,evaluating the value of land ecosystem services,identifying existing problems of land use and putting forward sustainable development suggestions.Liangjiang New Area of Chongqing,which is the only State-Level New Area in inland China and with a special landform of mountain city is taken as the research area.The model of dynamic degree,transfer matrix and center of gravity transfer models have been used to analyze the change characteristics of landscape patch types horizontal spatial pattern in Liangjiang New Area from 2009 to 2018.A total of 11 landscape pattern indices have been selected to analyze the change characteristics of overall landscape pattern,the change characteristics of different elevations and slopes,the spatial heterogeneity of landscape pattern change characteristic and the change of landscape pattern building land expansion were analyzed,the principal component analysis method has been used to identify the landscape pattern changes driving factors in Liangjiang New Area,the method of ecosystem services value equivalent factor method has been used to evaluate the regional land value ecosystem service value,and put forward relative countermeasures to promote sustainable utilization of regional land resources,production-life-ecological coordination and sustainable development.The main research results are as follows:(1)The change of landscape patch types horizontal space pattern of the Liangjiang New Area are significant.The cultivated land and urban and rural building land as the main landscape types,the change of overall regional landscape patch types is fast,the general trend of landscape patch types change for the “two increase five decrease”,the urban and rural building land increase rapidly,land for traffic and water conservancy increased by 112.87%,the cultivated land is the main source of both extension,presents the "on-off" quantitative relation,building land expansion showes the trend of convex north into the east,the resulting landscape patch types on the spatial changes are embodied in the center of gravity of building land and the cultivated land are migrated to the northeast.(2)The degree of dominance and agglomeration of cultivated land is decreased,and the degree of fragmentation significantly is increased,while urban and rural building land present the opposite situation.From the perspective of land level,due to the continuous expansion of building land,the degree of fragmentation is reduced,the degree of dominance is increased,the level of agglomeration and the level of landscape shape regularity are improved as a whole.Differences in different dimensions of landscape pattern.With the increase of elevation or slope,lower heterogeneity,landscape types toward the direction of unbalanced development,number of patches and landscape shape index showed a trend of inverted "U" type change,in the 200<E?400m or 6°<S?15°,the degree of human interference is most obvious,the landscape pattern change is the most significant.The spatial heterogeneity of landscape pattern change is more obvious.In the regional southwest,there are the regional development and good economic level,develop the new city has grown to the point of more stable,the landscape shape regulation level is high,the level of connected well,agglomeration level is also high,the low level of diversification,and regional area mainly for industrial development zone in north and northeast,the regional land use change caused dramatic landscape pattern change,landscape pattern presented in contrast to the southwest,but with the development of regional economy as a whole and each other,the level of difference between towns and streets is gradually narrowing.The overall level of fragmentation of buliding land is decreased,the degree of agglomeration and degree of connectivity are constantly strengthened,landscape shape tends to be regular,as the main component of the buliding land,the fragmentation degree of town land is increased,the level of connectivity and agglomeration level slightly weakened,rural settlements are shrinking more rapidly,although the degree of fragmentation is alleviated,it is still at a high level,the level of connectivity and concentration decreased slightly.(3)The main factors of the landscape pattern change in Liangjiang New Area are the regional population factor,economic factors such as industrial structure and urban construction,level of opening-up such as import and export trade factors also play an obvious role and influence is gradually increasing,traffic factors and government regulation factors affect the regional landscape pattern respectively in the ways of traffic route reconstruction,expansion,new construction and policy planning guidance.(4)The total land ecosystem services value and value of each single service function in Liangjiang New Area are declining from 2009 to 2018.The total ecosystem service value is decreased by 419.86 million yuan,waters and forest land are the main part of regional ecosystem services value,accounting for 69.79% to 75.56% of the total value,the value of each landscape types are declining,the value of cultivated land service dropped the fastest among them,it fell by 189.5 million yuan,a decline of 33.92%,the forest value change in “U” trend,it fell by 30.16 million yuan.Hydrological regulation and climate regulation are the major service functions contributing to each single function,and the reduction of both is large,but food production fell the most,by 28.10%.The three aspects are proposed to regional sustainable development,strengthening the control of building land and arable land;with the aid of national spatial planning,taking advantage of the opportunity of territory development plan,improve the network of ecological landscape planning;strengthen the regulation of land use dynamic using the 3S technology,establish ecological security warning system. |
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