Research On Analysis And Optimization Of Landscape Pattern Of Hutou Village In Chongqing Based On Ecosystem Services

In recent years,with the rapid development of rural tourism,the villages located in the suburbs of the city have been developed and utilized to varying degrees,especially the mountainous villages with unique geographical environments have become one of the key areas of rural tourism planning.While the current economic situation has improved,the ecological environment is also facing an impact.Increasing construction land area,over-exploitation of mountains,and erosion of ecological forests are becoming increasingly prominent.These unreasonable landscape composition and spatial distribution reduce the quality of rural ecological environment and threaten regional ecological security.In addition,the mountain itself also has problems such as fragmented habitat and weak ecological stability due to its large terrain.Therefore,it is necessary to properly handle the relationship between rural tourism development,economic development and ecological environment security,coordinate the mountainous rural landscape resources,and help the sustainable development of rural tourism.Hutou Village is located in the Jinyun Mountains of Beibei,Chongqing,with mountainous hills and Shaopingba.The terrain has obvious undulations and belongs to a typical mountainous village.This article takes Hutou Village as the research object,and seeks to optimize the strategy and implementation of mountainous rural landscape pattern from the perspective of enhancing ecosystem service value,so as to improve the rural landscape structure,maximize the ecological service function of mountainous villages,and realize the rural Continue to develop.The main content and results of the study are as follows.(1)Landscape composition and distribution characteristics of Hutou VillageThe main landscape type in the study area is forest land,with a total area of 719.78 hectares,accounting for about 76.73% of the total area of Hutou Village.Coniferous forests account for about 64.27% of the forest land area,which is the best type of forest land,mainly distributed on the top of the mountain.The order of landscape area is:coniferous forest> coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest> shrub forest> garden>bamboo forest> residential land> dry land> broad-leaf forest> road land> water area>bare land> paddy field.(2)Characteristics of the landscape spatial pattern of Hutou VillageThe landscape in the study area generally presents problems such as a large number of patches and obvious fragmentation of the landscape.Fine fragmentation of the landscape patches is likely to aggravate soil erosion and damage the rural ecological environment.(3)The influence of topography on the composition and distribution of mountain rural landscape typesThe regional landscape distribution in the study area is obviously affected by altitude.Forest land is distributed in high altitude areas,and construction land,cultivated land and garden land are mostly distributed in low altitude areas.There is a problem that the 25 ° and above landslide section is reclaimed as cultivated land,garden land,residential land,etc.,and it is easy to increase the risk of natural disasters such as soil erosion,soil erosion and landslides.Hutou Village is dominated by sunny slopes and semi-yang slopes,accounting for 68.83% of the total area,mainly located in the west side of Hutou Village,and semi-shaded slopes in the east.The shaded slopes occupy less area and are scattered.The sunny and semi-sunny slopes have the best light and heat conditions.The gardens,paddy fields and cultivated land in Hutou Village are mostly distributed here,especially the paddy fields.The research area is mainly rice cultivation,which requires high light conditions and is mostly distributed at the semi-yang slope area.(4)Hutou Village Ecosystem Service EvaluationThe economic value of a single equivalent factor in Hutou Village is calculated to be 3,196.08 yuan / hectare.According to the land use of Hutou Village in Beibei District,the total value of ecosystem services in Hutou Village in Beibei District is 65.321 million yuan / year.(5)Result of landscape pattern optimizationThe total area of ??the problem area that must be optimized is 2.02 hectares combined with Hutou village’s land use status and slope suitability.The optimization direction is mainly to convert the problem land into forest land.Constraint equations are generated according to different optimization objectives,and four quantitative structural optimization schemes,including the best ecological benefits,the best economic benefits,the best landscape benefits,and the best comprehensive benefits,are calculated.After a comparative analysis,the best comprehensive benefit plan is determined.The optimal comprehensive benefit plan and the production benefit optimal plan have the same number of land types.The target number is 786.03 hectares of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest,56 hectares of garden land,60.8 hectares of dry land,12.16 hectares of construction land,22.1 hectares of water,and 1.02 hectares of bare land.The ecosystem service value obtained by this scheme is the highest,which is 82.732 million yuan/year.Compared with the current situation,the overall benefit is expected to increase by 27%.Taking the optimal landscape quantity composition as a constraint,the spatial distribution of different landscape types is further determined spatially through the evaluation of the suitability of landscape type conversion,and the optimized landscape distribution plan of Hutou Village is obtained.Compared with the current status of Hutou Village,the total value of ecosystem services has increased by 16.8722 million yuan,of which the production value has increased by 91.36 million yuan,the ecological value has been increased by 14.9154 million yuan,and the landscape value has been increased by 1.0432 million yuan.