| Affected by human preference for ecosystem services,in actual production activities,most people are more keen to pursue ecosystem services that can benefit themselves in a short period of time,such as food production,recreational services,etc.,while ignoring biological Protection of ecosystem services that have important impacts on the ecological environment,such as diversity and carbon storage.Practice has proved that the pursuit of the maximization of a single ecosystem service often follows the substantial decline of other ecosystem services.Therefore,excessive pursuit of a certain ecosystem service may result in waste of resources,which is not conducive to the availability of ecosystem services.Continuous development.And this phenomenon occurs precisely because of the complex interrelationships between ecosystem services.Among them,the trade-off relationship between one and the other and the synergy relationship between mutual gains is the most typical relationship between ecosystem services.Therefore,understanding the trade-off relationship between ecosystem services and the specific location where the relationship occurs,and determining the driving factors that affect ecosystem services can provide important information and operational knowledge for the sustainable management of ecosystem services,which is to combine its theory with planning practice.An important step in connection.With the establishment of the “two-oriented society”reform pilot zone in the Wuhan metropolitan area,it marks that the Wuhan metropolitan area has entered a new stage of green,coordinated and sustainable development,and the urban agglomeration is the most important growth unit in my country’s future economic and social development.The sustainable supply of its ecosystem services has important guiding significance for the ecological management in the development of Chinese urban clusters in the future.Green infrastructure is an important means of providing ecosystem services in urban and rural areas.Its spatial structure is an important part of the ecological planning of urban agglomerations in China.Studies have shown that changes in land use are the most important driving factor affecting the balance of ecosystem services.The change of land use will inevitably affect the spatial pattern of the landscape.Therefore,the study takes the Wuhan metropolitan area as the research area,and is guided by the smart planning of promoting green infrastructure to explore the impact of urban and rural green infrastructure patterns on the balance of ecosystem services.The research is based on the Arc GIS platform,using In VEST and other models to quantitatively map the four ecosystem services of biodiversity,food production,carbon storage and recreation in the Wuhan metropolitan area in 2007 and 2017,and then cited a method that can spatialize the relationship between ecosystem services.The method-the difference comparison method,spatially map the trade-off relationships among the four ecosystem services of the Wuhan metropolitan area: biodiversity,food production,carbon storage,and recreation,and obtain a spatial distribution map of the six pairs of ecosystem services trade-off relationships.At the same time,considering the area,shape,and connectivity of green areas in the process of green infrastructure construction,six selections of landscape area,number of patches,maximum patch index,landscape shape index,sprawl index,and Shannon diversity index are selected.Use 10km*10km grid to divide the land use map of Wuhan metropolitan area,and use Fragstats 4.3 software to calculate the pattern indicators in each grid to obtain the GI pattern of Wuhan metropolitan area in 2007 and 2017.Information distribution and change graph.Finally,the geographic weighted logistic regression(GWLR)model is used to perform regression analysis on the relationship between GI patterns and ecosystem services in the metropolitan area.Through interpretation of the regression results,the main indicators of the pattern that affect the balance of ecosystem services are determined,and are used for the Wuhan metropolitan area.Suggestions for urban and rural green infrastructure planning.The main research results obtained in this paper are as follows:(1)The four ecosystem service values have significant spatial distribution differences.From 2007 to 2017.In terms of changes in the value of ecosystem services each year,the biodiversity value of the Wuhan metropolitan area is generally on a downward trend,especially in Wuhan’s urban fringe habitat quality;the most significant reduction in average grain production is in Huanggang,Huangshi,and Xianning.In Tianmen and Qianjiang,the average grain output showed a clear increasing trend;the overall carbon storage service also showed a downward trend.Among them,the central and western regions of the metropolitan area had the most significant decline in carbon storage,while in the northeast and southern parts of the metropolitan area,Carbon storage has increased slightly;recreational services have shown an upward trend as a whole,and the value of recreation in each region has increased more evenly,but the value of recreational services in areas that spread to the countryside in the center of each city has decreased significantly.(2)In the entire study area,food production and biodiversity,food production and carbon storage,and biodiversity and carbon storage are mainly in a synergistic relationship.This may be because the expansion of construction land occupies a large amount of cultivated land and ecological land.As a result,it has a negative impact on the provision of the three ecosystem services of biodiversity,food production,and carbon storage in the metropolitan area,causing the three services to show a trend of simultaneous decline;recreational services and food production services,carbon storage services,and biodiversity Sexual services are mainly trade-offs between the three ecosystem services,which may be due to differences in the impact of construction land expansion on recreational services and the impact on food production,carbon storage,and biodiversity.The expansion of construction land may increase the abundance of land used for recreation to a certain extent,and its negative impact on recreational services is weaker than that of food production,carbon storage and biodiversity services,so it is affected by the expansion of construction land In areas where recreational services are more likely to become advantageous services,there is a trade-off relationship between recreational services and the three types of services.(3)Between 2007 and 2017,the overall green area of the Wuhan metropolitan area showed a decline.The decline in green area in the central area of Wuhan was particularly significant,and other areas where the green area decreased significantly were also in areas with relatively dense construction land in each city;patches The density of Huanggang City,Tianmen City and Xiantao City has decreased significantly in the three cities.The increase in patch density in the suburbs to the east of the central city of Wuhan is the most significant;the largest patch index is decreased most in the outer areas of Xiantao City and Wuhan city center.Significant;the area where the landscape shape index has increased significantly is mainly the suburban area outside the city center of Wuhan,which indicates that the dispersion of the landscape in this area has increased significantly,and the complexity of the patch shape has decreased;the overall spread of the index has been small.,Only the central area of Wuhan and Xiantao city showed a relatively obvious downward trend;the areas where the value of the Xiangnong diversity index increased significantly were the central area of Wuhan and some areas of Xiantao city.The areas where the index value decreased were relatively evenly distributed,and the clustering phenomenon was not obvious.,More exist in the northwest area of the metropolitan area.(4)Among the six green infrastructure pattern indicators,the Shannon diversity index has the most significant impact on the trade-off relationship between ecosystem services,followed by the landscape shape index.Changes in indicators of various green infrastructure patterns do not simply promote or weaken the synergy or trade-off relationship between the two ecosystem services.When analyzing the impact of green infrastructure patterns on the balance of ecosystem services,different types of services should be considered comprehensively.Differences in the impact of changes in the area of patches,connectivity,and land abundance on ecosystem services. |
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