Research On Landscape Health Of Miluo River National Wetland Park In Hunan Province

Building a national wetland park and paying attention to the protection and utilization of the wetland environment are feasible measures to alleviate the contradiction between the protection of wetland resources and the urbanization process,and the development direction of the construction of national wetland parks in the context of an ecological civilization strategy.In the process of urbanization,unreasonable land development and utilization has made ecological and environmental problems increasingly prominent,and some wetland landscapes have gradually become fragmented,and the wetland environment,landscape quality,and comprehensive functions have been restricted.Tourism development is an important way to protect and use wetland resources.On the basis of grasping the evolution pattern of wetland park landscape pattern,comprehensively assess its landscape health level,and explain the influencing factors of wetland park landscape health under ecotourism development,which helps promote the sustainable development of national wetland parks and maintain the stability of wetland ecosystems.This article takes the Miluo River National Wetland Park in Hunan as the research object,uses RS and GIS technology toobtain the remote sensing images of 2008,2013,and 2018 and establish a wetland landscape classification system.First,the landscape transfer matrix and landscape pattern index are used to analyze the evolution trend and evolution characteristics of the landscape pattern in the study area,and to quantitatively identify the key factors in the process of landscape pattern change in wetland parks;Secondly,construct a national wetland park landscape health evaluation system from three aspects of wetland environment,landscape pattern and social economy,and use the subjective and objective model combining analytic hierarchy process and entropy method to determine the weights to study and judge the landscape health of Miluo River National Wetland Park;Finally,by constructing a national wetland park ecosystem service value system,the factors influencing the landscape health of the Miluo River National Wetland Park are explored from the aspects of nature and humanities.Studies show that:(1)From 2008 to 2018,the construction land area of the Miluo River National Wetland Park continued to increase,the main landscape shifted significantly to construction land,and the trend of landscape separation and fragmentation became increasingly apparent.(2)The evolutionof the landscape pattern of the Miluo River National Wetland Park is constrained by natural factors such as climate and hydrology.At the same time,cultural factors such as urbanization and tourism development have significantly affected the evolution of the landscape pattern of the Miluo River National Wetland Park.The policy concern for landscape maintenance of the Miluo River National Wetland Park needs to be improved.(3)On the whole,the landscape health level of the Miluo River National Wetland Park shows a downward trend.Among them,although the wetland environmental health index continues to decrease in the health category,the landscape pattern is basically in a sub-healthy state,the fragmentation is significant,and the socio-economic functions of wetland parks have improved,but the level of landscape health in this area is still significantly lower.(4)The estimation results show that the ecosystem service value of the Miluo River National Wetland Park decreased year by year from 2008 to 2018.Measured from the dimension of value,supply services and ecological services are still the main service functions of the Miluo River National Wetland Park,while the value of ecotourism service functions in cultural services is increasing year by year.(5)In terms of the impact of tourismdevelopment on the health of wetland park landscapes,in terms of landscape pattern,landscape health has a negative correlation with wetland landscape separation and landscape diversity.In terms of ecosystem service value,there is a positive correlation between the landscape health and the value of functions such as flood storage and biodiversity preservation.On this basis,corresponding countermeasures are proposed from the four aspects of wetland environment,landscape quality,comprehensive benefits and functional division of wetland parks.This study enriches the landscape health research system of national wetland parks from the perspective of landscape pattern evolution and landscape health level,but the research on the interaction mechanism of landscape pattern evolution and landscape health and the impact of tourism development on national wetland parks needs further study.