Research On Multi-scenario Planning Of Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities For Typical Mountainous Cities

Well developed electric vehicle infrastructure is a requisite for the promotion of electric vehicle industry.Many scholoars around the world have established comprehensive calculation models for charging facilities planning based on urban road networks characteristics,electric vehicle users travel characteristics,and urban distribution networks operation characteristics.However,most of them only carried out researches on plain cities,neglecting the influences of urban terrain characteristics on charging facilities planning.Non-straight and non-planar extension of typical mountainous cities roads,and large differences in traffic capacity between each road,increase the power consumption of electric vehicles,placing a huge burden on users,meanwhile.At the meantime,it is relatively difficult to implement related policies in mountain cities,and the development scale of the automobile industry is very different.Therefore,it is necessary to consider the interests of both charging facilities and electric vehicle users in accordance with the different development stages of electric vehicles to formulate adaptive planning schemes.Under this circumstance,this article has carried out three aspects of planning charging facilities for typical mountainous cities: establishing a calculation model for electric vehicles travel energy consumption based on terrain characteristics of mountainous city,researching on siting and sizing of charging facilities for terrain characteristics of mountainous city,considering bi-level network coordination planning for the benefits of both charging facilities and electric vehicle users in mountainous cities.Comprehensively considering the effects of different impact factors on results of charging facilities planning in this research,establishes the multi-scenario charging facilities planning model in typical mountainous cities.The main contributions of this research are as follows:(1)Establishing a calculation model of travel energy consumption for electric vehicles based on the terrain characteristics of mountainous cities.Firstly,the influence of the terrain characteristics of mountainous cities on the travel of electric vehicle users is analyzed,deducing the climbing coefficient and energy recovery coefficient,so as to establish a calculation model of travel energy consumption for electric vehicles in mountainous cities.And then,the travel energy consumption distribution of electric vehicles in mountainous cities is solved,based on the improved Floyd shortest path algorithm.Numerical examples show that the energy consumption of a single trip of an electric vehicle in a mountainous city is 6 times larger than that of a plain city under different road grades,verifying the necessity of carring out charging facilities planning in mountainous cities.(2)Establishing a charging facilities planning model for mountainous cities.Firstly,the data of urban traffic flow in a typical day is attained based on the K-means clusters algorithm,and then,a estimation model of the distribution of charging demand in mountainous cities is established.Secondly,the land purchasing coefficient is proposed with considering the influences of mountainous cities' s agglomeration,and then,based on the improved P-center positioning model,the charging facilities planning model of mountainous cities with the objective of minimizing the annual social costs,including charging facilities construction costs,operation and maintenance costs,distribution networks expansion costs,annual power purchasing costs,and annual users road costs is established.Numerical case studies proved that the user's travel costs increased by 31.6%,and the annual construction,operation,and maintenance costs of charging facilities decreased by USD,the influences of different impact factors of mountainous cities on planning results are discussed,which veified that the practical application value of the proposed method.(3)A bi-level network coordination planning model is established for the interests of both charging facilities and electric vehicle users in mountainous cities.This chapter considers the uneven characteristics of the development of the electric vehicle industry in mountainous cities.The issue of the distribution of benefits between charging facilities and electric vehicle users at different development stages are discussed,and the profit model of charging facilities and the satisfaction model of electric vehicle users are established respectively.Based on all of these,a bi-level network coordination planning model is proposed for the interests of both charging facilities and electric vehicle users in mountainous cities.Numerical examples showed that the results of charging facilities planning are changed with the planning focus changes,which verified that the proposed planning method has a guiding role for specific planning solutions for different development stages of the electric vehicle industry in special terrain cities.