Comprehensive Evaluation And Optimization Of New Rural Community Plant Landscape In The Main Urban Area Of Chongqing

In order to achieve the coordinated development of urban and rural areas,China has vigorously implemented the rural revitalization strategy and increased the construction of rural areas,so that villagers can lead a happy life and improve the rural living environment has become the demand of the times.In the current situation of rapid urbanization,the construction of new rural communities has become one of the major trends in the renewal and transformation of rural areas.New types of rural communities promote the concentration of villagers,which is conducive to improving infrastructure construction and providing better public services.As an important part of the construction of new rural communities,plant landscapes play an important role in the improvement of the rural habitat environment.However,at this stage of construction,the plant landscapes of new rural communities appear to converge with the surrounding cities and lack characteristics,and at present there is less research on the planning,construction and evaluation of plant landscapes in new rural communities.In this paper,plant landscapes from five new rural communities in the main urban area of Chongqing were selected as a sample,and were divided into two parts: a field study and a landscape evaluation.To investigate community plant landscape types,configuration patterns,etc.,and to interview and questionnaire residents and managers to understand and summarize the composition,style,type,function,care level and residents’ needs of the new rural community plant landscape,so as to further understand the new rural community plant landscape.Secondly,based on cognition and a large amount of literature on the comprehensive evaluation of plant landscapes in residential areas,a new comprehensive evaluation system for plant landscapes in rural communities was constructed using a hierarchical analysis method.Based on the results of the evaluation,an optimization strategy was proposed to provide a reference basis for the future construction and renovation of plant landscapes in new rural communities.The main findings are as follows.(1)A total of 142 species of plants belonging to 69 families and 127 genera were obtained after the survey.New rural communities have lower plant species richness compared to urban settlements in the main urban areas of Chongqing.Among them,47 species of trees,28 species of shrubs,51 species of herbs,11 species of vines,4 species of bamboo,2 species of ferns;47.18% of the species are concentrated in the grass family,Rosaceae,legumes and other 10 families;103 species of native plants,accounting for 72.5%,more fully applied;mainly evergreen plants,the ratio of evergreen and deciduous leaves is about 3:1;flowering,leafing plants are more diverse,fruiting plants are more single species.Statistical plant application frequency found that new rural communities and urban settlements overlap at a higher rate in terms of extremely frequently used plant species.(2)Plant landscape is rich in types,according to its main function can be divided into four types of production type,beautification type,greening type,comprehensive type,of which beautification type is most widely used in the community,but this type of plant landscape urbanization traces obvious,lacking characteristics.According to the location of the type of green space can be divided into three types of road green space,public green space and green space by the house plant landscape.Road green spaces and public green spaces have obvious signs of urbanization,and the green spaces next to houses are in better condition,with a rich variety of plants and more vernacular characteristics.Overall,the new rural community plant landscape style is biased towards the rule,fine style,most of the plant landscape tends to imitate the city,losing the natural,wild and interesting idyllic style of the original vegetation in the rural area.Botanical landscaping functions are complex and serve landscaping,protection and production functions.The production function is the main one,the beautification and protection function is less important,and the community green space is often used for planting vegetables,fruits and trees,etc.,and the production function is interwoven with other functions.(3)The level of plant landscape management is poor,the importance of plant landscape is not enough,there is not enough money to hire property or professional management team to manage.There is a phenomenon of the original planned vegetation landscape falling into disrepair as a result of unattended maintenance and being reclaimed by the residents.A certain proportion of finely maintained plant landscapes are used,resulting in higher costs for later management;residents are generally less satisfied with the results of the current community’s plant landscape construction,the plant landscape needs to be improved,the residents of the new rural communities think that the plant landscape should remain rustic,more emphasis on ornamental and productive plant landscapes,prefer a wide variety of beautiful plant configurations,and participate in plant landscape management is more active.(4)In the comprehensive evaluation model of plant landscapes,the weighting of the normative level is: construction and management costs > human characteristics > aesthetic function > ecological function,indicating that the reduction of construction and management costs is the most important importance in plant landscapes of new rural communities.The top six indicators in the indicator layer are the proportion of native plants,sense of belonging,community stability,green space rate,environmental coordination and residents’ participation,which are the key points for improving the comprehensive quality of the plant landscape in new rural communities.Two of the five surveyed community plant landscapes were rated "good",two were rated "pass" and one was rated "poor".Overall,the level is medium,with plenty of room for improvement.The comprehensive research and evaluation results propose optimization strategies for plant landscapes: enriching plant species and optimizing structural proportions;creating natural,idyllic and rustic plant landscapes;relying on village resources and industrial development to create characteristics;enhancing the rational allocation of plant landscapes in various green spaces;eliminating the practice of transplanting large trees and making full use of plant resources in the original site;creating "near-natural" plant communities;and appropriately introducing "public vegetable garden" models to enhance residents’ participation.