| Zigong section of Tuojiang River Basin has a long history of salt culture.Due to the prosperity and prosperity of Sichuan salt water transportation in history,this area has formed a far-reaching cultural line of Sichuan Salt River.Many ancient towns along the way also grew and developed rapidly because of transportation.These commercial ancient towns,as the carrier of concentrated reflection of economic and human geography at that time,were of great significance.However,with the common decline of salt industry and water transportation in this area,the economy and culture of these ancient towns also gradually declined,and the internal population and labor force lost a lot.Due to the lack of attention to the value of the ancient town and systematic research and protection,under the double impact of Urbanization and commercialization,the internal spatial pattern of the ancient town was seriously damaged and even faced the dilemma of complete disappearance.At present,with the acceleration of urbanization process,the proposal of Rural Revitalization Strategy and the emphasis of local protection planning on salt culture,with the support of social and policy environment,it is urgent to collect relevant data of commercial ancient town and analyze and excavate its historical and cultural values,so as to face the opportunities and challenges of the development and revival of the ancient town.Therefore,this study will take the commercial ancient town on the Sichuan Salt River in Zigong section of Tuojiang River Basin as an example,and put forward appropriate protection and development strategies for its spatial and cultural characteristics.The main purpose of the cultural landscape in this study is to protect the overall landscape formed and continue the accumulated cultural connotation.From a comprehensive cultural perspective,the causes and performance of the landscape are analyzed and interpreted,which is mainly used to explain the structural relationship between heritage sites and traditional culture in traditional ancient towns.Therefore,from the perspective of cultural landscape,the cultural landscape in commercial ancient town has the characteristics of "shape and meaning related" of material and cultural unity.The study divides the culture of commercial ancient town into four levels: material culture,commercial culture,folk culture and spiritual culture.It classifies the material of commercial ancient town into the material and behavioral elements of space and enclosed space,and takes the behavioral activities produced by people under the direct influence of culture as the link between material and culture.Based on the four spatial levels of river basin layout,landscape pattern,settlement space and street node,this paper analyzes and summarizes the spatial characteristics and cultural connotation of several typical salt culture commercial ancient towns.Firstly,this study summarizes the physical geography,social culture and historical development of the commercial ancient town,which is the understanding basis of the core research content of this paper.Then,in the spatial level of river basin layout,it makes statistics and classification of the commercial ancient towns in the research scope,and summarizes the resource layout and traffic layout characteristics of the commercial ancient towns.Then take Xianshi ancient town,Shishi ancient town and Zhaohua ancient town as examples to make a more in-depth analysis of the spatial characteristics,and summarize the overall landscape pattern characteristics of the commercial ancient town,the overall spatial pattern and functional layout characteristics of the core area,the connection structure of street nodes,the internal spatial size and style characteristics.According to the research,there are four distinct seasons and abundant rainfall in the area where the commercial ancient town is located.The hills are densely covered with ravines,and the Tuojiang River and the Gongxi River are the main navigation routes for salt transportation.The social culture is comprehensively affected by the functional etiquette,the war immigration and the salt transportation,forming the cultural background with the commercial culture as the core.The development stage and area of the historical commercial ancient town Salt transportation industry in the region has been declining and prospering together,which shows that salt culture is an important core of ancient town culture.In the spatial level of river basin layout,the overall distribution of the commercial ancient town shows the characteristics of linear and uniform distribution along the transport river,the resource layout centered on salt producing areas,and the traffic layout mostly at the river confluence and land and water traffic confluence.In the spatial level of landscape structure,most of the trade towns have the characteristics of back mountain and water,facing water,gentle hill and slope,sharp bend and shoal.In the spatial level of settlement space,the morphological texture of the settlement presents the morphological characteristics extending along the upstream and downstream of the river beside the settlement and perpendicular to the river bank,and the facade presents the regular multi-level contour characteristics from high to low;the functional pattern of the settlement presents the core skeleton of the settlement with the commercial space as the core framework,and the layout of the residential space depends on the development of the commercial space to the inside,in the public space Most of the public buildings are located in the important nodes of the settlement.In the spatial level of street and lane nodes,the main street layout of street and lane is mostly parallel or perpendicular to the contour line,with the characteristics of migration culture integration and topography of southern Sichuan market town style;the accessibility of wharf nodes is positively related to the function of carrying freight,and most of the traffic nodes present the spatial shape characteristics of "ding" and "shi".With the development of spatial level,the material elements change from natural landscape environment to man-made space,and the cultural elements develop from the original single commercial culture to the comprehensive culture.In addition,the relationship between "ideographic" has the characteristics of hierarchical transmission and mutual adaptability.Finally,the paper sums up the important value of the commercial ancient town as the product of the coordination between human and nature,the carrier site of Sichuan salt culture and the living specimen of the commercial ancient town.Aiming at the problems of the fragmentation of the landscape pattern,the decline of power and the homogenization of space in the ancient town,it puts forward the protection theory of the coordination of protection and development,and the coordination of material and culture from the perspective of cultural landscape.This paper puts forward the protection methods and development strategies from two aspects of the cultural connotation and material landscape of the commercial ancient town,namely,the construction of cultural corridor of Sichuan Salt River in the layout of the river basin,the protection and continuation of the characteristic landscape pattern of the ancient town,the continuation and function renewal of the settlement space,the coordination and spiritual construction of the streets and alleys. |
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