| The climate of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is cold and dry all year round,so there is a large demand for building heating.Due to the scarcity of conventional energy sources,the local abundant solar energy resources provide a good condition of energy resource for improving the indoor thermal environment of buildings.However,the uneven distribution of solar energy resources in different regions of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the great difference of outdoor meteorological parameters have led to changes in the application of passive solar technology,which poses serious challenges for the local promotion and application of passive solar technology.At the same time,there is still a lack of research and relevant technical regulations on the differential design of passive solar technology for different climatic regions of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.Therefore,it is urgent to analyze the climate conditions of passive solar energy technology in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the improvement effect of passive solar energy technology on the thermal environment of buildings,so as to provide scientific basis and reference for the comfortable and energy-saving design of passive solar energy buildings in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.In this paper,the outdoor air temperature and solar radiation which are considered as two main environmental factors that affect the thermal characteristics of passive solar energy technology are combined.The areas with heating demand in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau are divided into six areas:I-severe cold area,I-cold area,II-severe cold area,II-cold area,III-severe cold area and III-cold area;Then,the typical architectural forms of each climate area are summarized,and the rooms are divided into three typesaccording to the use period of the rooms.Secondly,through numerical simulation,the indoor thermal environment characteristics of typical buildings in each climate zone using traditional single passive solar technology and traditional combined passive solar technology are explored,and the key factors affecting the indoor thermal environment are optimized;Then,based on the principle of temperature guarantee,the design strategy of passive solar technology for three types of room models in different climate regions of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is proposed.At the same time,for part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region that cannot meet the indoor low-temperature guarantee requirements using only traditional passive solar technology,the improvement effect of indoor thermal environment was further studied when combining roof enhanced solar technology integrating heat collection and heat storage(slab heat storage heating system)with traditional passive solar technology.As a result a design strategy of traditional passive and roof enhanced solar energy combination technology is put forward.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)For class I-cold area and class II-cold area,the traditional passive solar energy technology can make the indoor minimum temperature higher than 15 Celsius degree.The recommended technical parameters of passive solar energy are as follows:heat collection and storage wall technology with a wall-to-wall ratio of 0.7 ~ 1;Combined technology of heat collection and storage wall and direct benefit window with window wall ratio less than 0.6.In addition,for the mode 3 rooms used in the period from 21:00 to 8:00 the next day,the direct benefit technology with window wall ratio greater than 0.6 and greater than 0.7 is also recommended;Combined technology of additional sunlight room and direct benefit window with the ratio of public wall to window greater than 0.4 and depth less than 1.8m,and the ratio of public wall to window greater than 0.5 and depth less than 1.4m.(2)For class I-severe cold area,class II-severe cold area and class III-cold area,the indoor temperature can be higher than 15 Celsius degree all day by using the traditional passive and roof enhanced solar energy combination technology;Combined technology of heat collection and storage wall and direct benefit window or heat collection and storage wall technology with a wall-to-wall ratio of 1 requires the fewest collectors.The ratio of the area of the collector to the area of the heating room is about28%,15%,and 30%,for the three areas respectively.In addition,in order to avoid excessive temperature difference between day and night,the window wall ratio of the building should not be greater than 0.5.(3)For class III-severe cold area,the indoor thermal environment can be improved by using the traditional passive solar energy technology combined with the roof enhanced solar energy technology;However,even if the solar energy utilization area of the south direction and the roof of the building is maximized,the comfort level is still poor,and the indoor temperature is higher than 15 Celsius degree only about 30% of the time of the whole day.Based on the regional differences of outdoor meteorological conditions in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau,aiming at building energy conservation and comfortable and livable thermal environment,this study quantitatively analyzes the regulating effect of "traditional single passive solar energy technology,traditional combined passive solar energy technology and traditional combined passive and roof enhanced solar energy technology" on the thermal environment of buildings in various regions;The ability of passive solar energy technology to improve the thermal environment of buildings in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is measured;Based on the principle of temperature guarantee,the methods,technical parameters and design strategies of passive solar energy technology applicable to different regions of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau combination are summarized.This study provides a reference for the scientific design and efficient application of passive solar energy technology in the thermal environment regulation of buildings in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau.It is of great engineering significance to make full use of solar energy resources and promote the development of renewable energy technology in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. |
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