Research On Multi-objective Optimization Of Classroom Spatial Form In Universities In Cold Region Based On Natural Ventilation

In recent years,with the development of the construction boom of university buildings and the wide attention of the architectural design circle to the indoor natural ventilation performance,the improvement of the natural ventilation performance of teaching buildings has become more and more important.However,due to the influence of cold climate,teaching buildings in colleges and universities in cold regions are often designed with the thermal insulation performance in winter in mind.The shape is relatively closed and thick,which leads to the problem of po or natural ventilation performance in the classroom.The research and practice show that the parallel method of energy saving design and scheme design can achieve the maximization of building performance.At the same time,the proposal of the parametric simulation method of natural ventilation also provides a technical basis for the optimization design of natural ventilation of university classrooms in cold places.Taking indoor ventilation and thermal comfort as the performance optimization objectives,this paper adopts the multi-objective optimization design method based on parametric CFD simulation to carry out the multi-objective optimization design on the spatial form of university classrooms in the cold region.First of all,this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the relevant theories of natural ventilation design in cold buildings and the spatial characteristics of university classroom units.On this basis,the paper proposes a multi-objective optimization design process for natural ventilation in cold university classrooms based on the multi-performance objective optimization standard process.Secondly,based on the research on the spatial form of the classroom in the teaching buildings in the cold region,this paper summarizes the spatial form parameters of teaching and their changing range,and takes this as the basis for constructing the parametric geometric model.After that,when the performance optimization objective is formulated,the optimization parameters are selected,and the corresponding relationship between the optimization objective and the optimization parameters is established by running the parametric simulation.The simulation accuracy was verified by field test,and the reliability of the parametric simulation tool was confirmed.Finally,the multi-objective optimization model is established by using multi-objective genetic algorithm and the optimization algorithm is set up.Finally,the application effect of the multi-objective optimization method of building spatial form based on natural ventilation in the design of university classrooms in the cold region is verified through the design practice.Based on the analysis of the design task,the initial design scheme and the value range of the control parameters of the morphological space were obtained from the architect’s point of view.With natural ventilation conditions of indoor thermal comfort evaluation index APMV performance,on behalf of the ventilation efficiency,as well as indoor average wind speed with the optimization target of indo or wind field uniformity in the classroom unit width and depth ratio,the height,open the window area ratio,open the window and interior wall vent location and size in order to optimize the parameters,a multi-objective optimization genetic algorithm solving process,get the optimal solution for the actual project performance non dominated solution set.The results were verified and analyzed,and the optimal scheme was obtained.The natural ventilation performance of the optimized scheme is compared with that of the initial scheme to verify the effectiveness of the optimization method.The optimization results are analyzed,and the parameter range of optimization design is obtained.