Research On The Conservation And Development Of Luoyang Great Sites Under The Background Of The Great Sites Belt Of Ancient Capitals In The Central Shaanxi-Henan Plains

As an ancient oriental civilization,China has a long history of urban construction so that a layered and continuous space-time environment from regions to nodes has shown up.Especially within those large-scale sites of ancient capitals,the contemporary urban-rural landscape has been superimposed on the sites and finally becomes a comprehensive historic urban-rural landscape.In the context of the new urbanization and the national territory planning,the conservation and development of great sites,which associates a layered historic environment with an urban-to-rural current situation,has become an important medium for the coordinated development of heritage conservation and urban-rural integration.With the background of the city cluster constructed by the modern urban agglomeration in the Guanzhong Plain(the central Shaanxi plain),the golden triangle area of the Yellow River on the border of Shanxi-Shaanxi-Henan,and the modern urban agglomeration in the Central Plain(the central Henan plain),the great sites belt about ancient capitals in the central Shaanxi-Henan plains is proposed as a huge cultural corridor of ancient capitals about thousands of miles along the line of Baoji-Xianyang-Xi’an-Weinan-Yuncheng-Sanmenxia-Luoyang-Zhengzhou-Kaifeng.Through the macro-meso-micro three spatial levels,the historic environment of the great sites layered by ancient capitals in different periods is combed.Then,the spatial morphology of the great sites regarding ancient capitals and the current gradient urban-rural landscape in those sites are analysed from meso-micro two spatial levels.Moreover,the strategy for integrating the conservation of the great sites and optimization of the urban-rural landscape is proposed from the perspective of civil-oriented.Firstly,the districting characteristics and the stable phenomenon of the site selection for ancient capitals located in the Central Shaanxi-Henan Plains between Xia and Song Dynasties is combed so that the chronological layout characteristics of the sites in Central Shaanxi-Henan Plains from the settlement age to the capital age can be summarized,and the overall structure of the great sites belt can also be cleared.In this regard,two great core sites about ancient capitals,named Great Chang’an and Great Luoyang,are highlighted.Also,five modes about the spatial superposition of ancient capitals shown in those two great sites are proposed as separation,adjacency,intersection,inclusion,and overlap.Meanwhile,four evolution mechanisms of ancient capitals are accordingly presented as rebirth,regeneration,transformation,and substitution.In addition,focusing on the great Luoyang capital sites in the above-mentioned great sites belt,the layered historic environment and the spatial morphology of ancient capitals cluster in Luoyang are analysed.Then the urban-to-rural landscape presented in the current situation of the great sites is divided into six spatial gradients: natural rural areas,rural construction areas,villages in the city,general urban areas,urban core areas,and special areas.The phenomenon of the differentiated urban-rural landscape in different ancient capital sites can be explained according to forming and developing of the towns within the scope of Great Luoyang in historical periods.Based on the opinions above,a concept called capital-type national historical and cultural park is put forward to construct an innovative conservation and development model for integrating great sites and urban-rural residents in aspects of heritage conservation and utilization,heritage displaying and managing,ecological agriculture optimisation,economic industries upgrading,and leisure life promotion.Furthermore,applying these strategies into the conservation and development of Great Luoyang sites,the framework of land and spatial planning for the national historical and cultural park in Luoyang-Yanshi is initially constructed,and corresponding conservation and development schemes for ancient capital sites in Luoyang in different historical periods are suggested.Finally,in the conservation and development of Luoyang National Historical and Cultural Park in Sui and Tang Dynasties,the differentiated strategies for activating the historical spatial and functional pattern of this ancient capital are specifically proposed.In this regard,the methods for modernized translation of historical function elements such as a historical avenue,a wall around the city,a historical building,and the methods for landscaped translation of historical spaces such as a Lifang wall and a temple are suggested.