Travel Behavior Analysis And Congestion Management Strategies For Household Travels In Double Bottlenecks

The problem of traffic congestion seriously restricts the development of city,and the increase number of private cars has increased this phenomenon.By analyzing the behavior of urban residents,we can better understand the laws of residents' travel.Nowadays,research on the relevance of travel activities has gradually become a hotspot,and household travels are very common,it has important practical significance to study travel behavior of household travels.As effective urban traffic management method of demand side,congestion pricing and tradable credit scheme have been adored by many scholars.At present,most bottleneck models are single bottleneck with individual travellers,which is too simple and no considering the complicated road conditions and travel modes in real life.Based on the above background,this paper build a new model of household travels in double bottlenecks,which focused on household travels in double bottlenecks,and studies a typical consecutive trips in household: the drivers have to send the children to school first and then drive to their workplaces.Analyzes the behavior of household travels and strategies of congestion management.The model not only expands the single bottleneck into double bottlenecks,but also expands the individual to the family,enriching the research on bottleneck model.Firstly,this research analysis the household travel behavior when Wardrop equilibrium is attained.Derived the critical conditions of the difference between the two desired arrival times,and based on the two situations,the departure rate,the peak start time and end time,as well as the relationship between other critical time points under equilibrium conditions are derived.Secondly,analysis the behavoir of household travels based on the congestion pricing strategy,By analyzing the behavior of households in different models,the corresponding critical time points,departure rates,critical conditions,and so on,are obtained.By comparing the charging schemes in different situations,the charging scheme that minimizes the total system cost is derived.Finally,this paper studies the application of the tradable credit scheme for household travels in double bottlenecks.The plan can completely replace the congestion pricing without causing discrimination,which is more acceptable to the society.Without lateness,the behavior of household travels under the scheme are analyzed,then consider heterogeneous commuters with different time values,and obtains the optimal tradable credit scheme;By considering different measures of equity,three correspond distribution schemes are developed,specific distribution schemes and related characteristics are obtained.The main conclusions are as follows: The peak time is always the same regardless of the difference between the two desired arrival times;Congestion pricing can effectively reduce the total system cost;under small school-work difference situation,and when the charging time ends early,we can obtained the minist total system cost.Compared with the no-credit scheme,the monetarily and the equivalent time cost of the traveler under the optimal credit scheme are reduced,and the high VOT(value of time)traveler reduces more.Under the monetarily equitable distribution,the high VOT traveler gets less credits;Under the proportionally equitable distribution,the travelers with moderate VOT gets more credits;Under the proportionally equitable distribution,the equivalent time cost benefits of all households are the same.