Soundscape Evaluation And Acoustic Comfort Of Laojundong Taoism Temple In Chongqing

With the acceleration of urbanization,many traditional Taoist temples built in the mountains have been passively entered the densely populated main urban area.The originally quiet sound environment of Taoist architecture has been disturbed by urban noise.Laojundong in Chongqing is a typical traditional Taoist architecture that is deeply troubled by noise.The wonderful landscape with its typical religious and humanistic attributes and architectural environment characteristics.However,the auditory perception is relatively poor due to poor acoustic environment.The imbalance of audio-visual experience not only interferes with the meditation activities of practitioners in the Taoist architecture,but also brings negative experience to the tourists and believers who come to Laojundong for sightseeing.In addition,for a long time,the research object of Taoist architectures are mainly monomer building,space environment or architectural decoration,and the research is mostly Taoist culture and architectural design itself.At present,there are relatively few researches on the physical environment of traditional Taoist buildings,and there are still no researches on the acoustic environment and the acoustic comfort of Taoist buildings.The study of soundscape mainly focuses on public space,or churches,mosques or buddhist temples in religious space.No one has ever set foot in the research field of soundscape of Taoist architectures.Besides,most of the research only use literature collection,investigation and interview,and conduct qualitative comprehensive induction and comparative analysis,with relatively few quantitative data and experiments.In this paper,various acoustic parameter characteristics and acoustic environment changes in Laojundong are measured and analyzed,and the degree of urban noise interference is studied.Through questionnaire survey and soundwalk experiment,the general situation of acoustic scene and people's acoustic expectation are understood.On this basis,the research method of audio-visual interaction is used to analyze the user's perception and evaluation characteristics of acoustic comfort level of specific scene acoustic environment.Through designing audio-visual interaction experiments,the interactive relationship between different groups of people on the evaluation of Taoist visual landscape and soundscape is obtained.Through the objective measurement of Laojundong,it is found that,except for the Sanqing Temple,there is little change in the distribution characteristics of the dharma meeting day and ordinary day of sound environment.Under the influence of traffic noise on the expressway,the sound pressure level of the whole Taoist temple increases gradually in the vertical plane and reaches the highest level in the Yuhuang Temple.The outdoor environmental noise L₉₅5 of each main hall exceeded 55dBA,and most of them were around 60dBA.The poor acoustic environment has seriously affected the spiritual practitioners'normal work and rest.Through questionnaire and soundwalk experiment,it is found that natural sound can bring people more comfortable experience.Tao music and ritual instruments are the most anticipated sounds in Laojundong.Number of visits and objective factor were significantly correlated with the evaluation of subjective comfort degree,while only number of visits was significantly correlated with the evaluation of acoustic harmony degree.Visual landscape comfort is significantly correlated with landscape diversity.The louder the natural sound component in the environment,the more comfortable it is.L_Aeq,L₅₀ and L₉₅ are all negatively correlated with soundscape comfort.Through the study of audiovisual interaction experiment,it is found that in Laojundong,the more the visual environment is featured with Taoist characteristics,the higher the demand of believers for the sound environment,and the sound of Taoist religious is the most favorite sound of believers.There is no obvious difference between practitioners'perception and evaluation of audio-visual environment and that of ordinary people.For the average person,there is a significant difference in the effect of ambient bird and Taoist music on their physiological heart rate.Birds can reduce the physiological heart rate,while Taoist music can increase the physiological heart rate.Taking Laojundong as an example,this study conducted a systematic study on the sound environment of Taoist architecture for the first time.The research method of audio-visual interaction is first applied to the study on the soundcape of Taoist architecture,which has important practical significance for the development of the sound environment and soundscape of religious space in China.The research on soundscape of Taoist architecture also enriches the related theories of soundscape research in China.At the same time,the research conclusion is helpful to the improvement of the sound environment experience of Laojundong,and also has reference significance for the Taoist architectures in other cities.