Landscape Ecological Planning And Empirical Research Of Urban Wetland Park

The urban wetland park is known as the "kidney of the city" and has functions such as ecological restoration,water purification,science education,leisure,recreation,and landscape appreciation.Because the urban wetland park is strongly interfered by the external environment,which results in the extremely sensitive ecological environment of the wetland,the scientific and reasonable urban wetland park landscape pattern can effectively reduce the external interference to the ecological environment and improve the ecological,social and economic benefits of the wetland.Therefore,scientific and rational ecological planning of urban wetland parks has become a research hotspot in urban wetland park landscape design.Chengdu 's “six lakes and eight wetlands” are the landscape isolation zone of the urban eco-region,which is of great significance for controlling the urban ecological red line and promoting the sustainable development of urban ecology.This paper applies the basic principles of landscape ecology to study the landscape patterns of three typical urban wetland parks in Chengdu,discusses the range of the optimal landscape pattern index of local urban wetland parks,and conducts landscape ecology on Jiangan Lake Urban Wetland Park based on the optimized index.The empirical study of planning aims to provide a scientific basis for the construction of local urban wetland parks.In this study,three representative urban wetland parks—Egret Bay National Wetland Park,Jincheng Lake Wetland Park,and Qinglong Lake Wetland Park—are selected as the research objects,and Arc Map software is used to obtain the 2019 Egret Bay Wetland.The Google images of the park,the Jincheng Lake Wetland Park in 2018 and the Qinglong Lake Wetland Park in 2018 were used for landscape classification(water,forest,grassland,wetland plants,shrubs,construction land and roads)and a landscape pattern database was established,and Fragstats The software calculates the park landscape patch type index(area index,density size and difference index,edge index,shape index,convergence index,connectivity index)and landscape level index(area index,density size and difference index,Edge index,agglomeration index,shape index,diversity index),and finally get the landscape pattern index of the three parks.Through the comparative analysis of the landscape type layer and landscape level layer indexes of the three parks,it can be seen that the landscape patterns of the three wetland parks are obviously different,and each has the following characteristics:(1)The landscape horizontal edge density of Bailu Bay Wetland Park is higher,its edge effect is stronger,and the biodiversity that can be carried is higher;the index values of density level and difference,aggregation,diversity is the second compared with the Jincheng Lake and the Qinglong Lake,that is,it will not be too broken,nor will it have the disadvantage of too single landscape,and it will achieve a more balanced state in landscape diversification and landscape integrity.(2)The road system and service facilities of Jincheng Lake Wetland Park account for a relatively large area,which can provide citizens with more public services and entertainment venues,but the landscape horizontal patch density is 251 / 100hm2,which is the highest among the three parks.Compared with Bailu Bay and Qinglong Lake Wetland Park,the landscape heterogeneity is higher,the degree of fragmentation is higher,and there is a risk of biodiversity loss.It is necessary to strengthen the maintenance of the landscape in the park and reduce the degree of fragmentation;The landscape patches in Jincheng Lake Wetland Park are less concentrated,more evenly distributed,better in landscape diversity,and richer in overall landscape.(3)The patch connectivity index values of dominant landscapes such as woodlands,water bodies,grasslands,shrubs,and wetland plants in Qinglong Lake Wetland Park are higher than those of Jincheng Lake and Bailu Bay Wetland Park,and their landscape distribution is concentrated The horizontal spread of Qinglong Lake landscape is higher,which reflects the better landscape integrity and the survival of organisms.The patch density is much lower than Bailu Bay and Jincheng Lake.The landscape fragmentation is low,but the landscape richness is more Low,it should properly increase its landscape diversity and landscape uniformity.In order to prevent the landscape pattern of the park from being too fragmented or losing landscape diversity,the landscape pattern index of Bailuwan Wetland Park,which has a more balanced pattern in the above analysis,was selected as the planning reference index of Jiangan Lake Wetland Park,that is,landscape Plaque type area accounted for the total area of the park-water body 22.2%,forest land 36.0%,grassland 16.1%,wetland plants 15.8%,road 5.7%,construction land 2.4%,shrub 1.8%,at the same time according to the index of the three parks,the results delineated the reference of the landscape pattern index during the planning of the wetland park-the proportion of the area of each landscape type to the total area of the park is-22.2%<water body<30.7%,24.9%<forest land<43.2%,8.9%<grassland< 16.1%,6.5%<wetland plants<15.8%,3.9%<road<17.5%,2.1%<construction land<9.3%,1.4<shrub<2.6%,landscape horizontal patch density should be 92.65?251.29/100hm2,the reference value is 227.96/100hm2(Egret Bay);the reference value of landscape horizontal edge density is 764.8m/hm2(Egret Bay),and not less than 387m/hm2(Qinglong Lake);the average patch fractal dimension reference The value is 1.20(Egret Bay),and not less than 1.17(Qinglong Lake);the reference value of landscape spread is 57.2(Egret Bay),and not less than 53.31(Jincheng Lake);the reference value of Shannon Diversity Index is 1.61(Egret Bay),and not less than 1.43(Qinglong Lake);Shannon evenness index reference value 0.83(Egret Bay),and not less than 0.73(Qinglong Lake).Based on the landscape pattern index obtained from the study,the landscape ecological planning of Jiang'an Lake Wetland Park was carried out,and combined with the principle of "graded protection" in the theory of landscape ecological planning,the wetland park was classified into protected areas and functional zoning design.In the end,the landscape types of Jiang'an Lake Wetland Park accounted for: forest land 32.9%,grassland 14.9%,shrub 2.1%,wetland plants 17.0%,water body 22.7%,road 7.9%,construction land 2.4%,park patch density is 197.59 / hm2,the density of the park edge is 744.39 m / hm2,the spread reaches 58.17,the Shannon diversity index reaches 1.67,the Shannon uniformity index reaches 0.80,and all the indicators meet the requirements.