| It was pay more attention to the management of the early period and peak period with egg production,and did not take care of the management of the late period with egg production in the current layer hens aquaculture.Due to the late period of egg production,egg laying rate and egg nutrients had different degrees,and it was resulted in serious economic losses by worse feeding and management.According to reports,because of egg shell quality declining in the late period of egg production,which leaded to the sale of eggs dropped 6%to 8%,and it caused great economic losses to egg farms.Therefore,it was very necessary to pay attention to the management of the late laying period in the poultry.In the aquaculture industry,in order to increase economic efficiency,the phenomenon was occurred sometimes,which using a large number of antibiotics,hormones and synthetic drugs in the breeding process to improve the performance illegal.However,it was used of these drugs in animal feeds which leaded to a series of negative effects,especially drug residues and antibiotic resistance,and it caused serious affect to human health and the environment.In recent years,some studies had found a lot of green plants and herbal additives containing active substances which improved animal health,enhance immunity,promote growth.And green plant feed additives could improve animal feed palatability,nutrient digestion,absorption and utilization.It was benefit to intestinal bacteria,and improved livestock quality.It was important to consumers healthy and beneficial,did not pollute environmental.With the development of high technology and using of relevant research,green feed additives should be encouraged to production and use.Therefore,green plants extracts as feed additives applied to the aquaculture industry,not oily to benefit the health of livestock,but also to gain consumer recognition,so the development and application of green feed additive was very meaningful.Previous studies in this laboratory have demonstrated that alfalfa extract can effectively improve the performance of weaned pigs and rabbit,In addition,studies have reported that alfalfa extract had a role to improve the performance of poultry production.But most of all research at the peak of egg production in poultry,and the researchers’ conclude were differences.In order to make sure that "Yu Mu No.1" alfalfa extract improved the effect of laying performance and egg quality post-production and other aspects,and to carry out the study.The lab get five kinds of "Yu Mu No.1" alfalfa extract by different processes as five kinds of feed additives in this study.The objective of this study was conducted to investigate the effects of performance,egg quality,blood physiological and biochemical indexes in late laying period Roman hens at five kinds of alfalfa extracts,and provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of active substance as a feed additive.Test results showed:Trial 1:This experiment was conducted to study the effect of alfalfa extract on production performance,egg quality and lipids blood biochemical of parameters in Roman layers of 80 weeks-old.Nine hundred Roman layers which aged 80 weeks were divided into five treatment groups with 6 replicates and 30 birds per replicate.Control group was fed basal diet,test A,B,C,D group s basal diet supplemented with alfalfa extract of No.Ⅰ,No.Ⅱ,No.Ⅲ,No.Ⅳ,the alfalfa active added to C and D treatment groups with 2000mg/kg,add to B treatment group with 1500mg/kg.Results showed:(1)Effect of performance in laying hens;Compared with control,egg production rate was increased significantly by A、B、C three groups(P<0.05);Meanwhile,the group C laying rate were increased significantly by 3.45%(P<0.05)than control group.Test A,B,C three groups effect was obvious than control.But the group A of additives reduced feed egg ratio significantly(P<0.05).(2)Effect on egg quality in laying hens of 80 weeks-old;Test A and B groups eggshell thickness was increased higher than control group(P<0.05),0.97%(P>0.05),which increased by 1.94%and 1.70%;The egg yolk index of test A、B、D three groups compared with the control group was increased by 2.18%,3.88%and 3.88%,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05);Compared with control group,egg yolk color was improved significantly by the test A groups(P<0.05).And haugh unit were increased significantly by the test B and D groups(P<0.05);Compared with control,egg yolk cholesterol content of A and B test groups was decreased by 5.09%and 4.10%;but difference was not significant(P>0.05).The crude protein content of egg yolk at four treatment groups which compared with control group were increased,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).Handling four test groups compared with the control group to egg yolk crude protein,crude fat and calcium,phosphorus,triglycerides were no significant difference(P>0.05);On the egg quality indicators,alfalfa extract showed good results,and test C,A groups were best.(3)Effect on serum antioxidant indices in laying hens of 80 weeks-old;Compared with control,the C test groups of serum glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)activity was increased significantly,while the test A、B and D three groups of serum GSH-PX activity had some increase,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).All test groups of serum total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)activity which compared with－control group were increased by 3.79%(P<0.05),3.11%(P>0.05),4.67%(P<0.05)and 0.47%(P>0.05);test C,A group was obvious effect,and reached a significant level.All test groups of serum total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)which compared with control group were increased by 9.82%(P<0.05),2.65%(P>0.05),13.63%(P<0.05)and 5.38%(P>0.05);and the test C,A group effect was more pronounced.The test C groups of serum malondialdehyde(MDA)levels was reduced significantly than control group(P<0.05).(4)Effect on serum lipids;Serum total cholesterol(TC)content of test A and B group were decreased significantly than control group(P<0.05);Compared with control,the TC content of test B and D groups were decreased by 3.79%and 4.92%,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).Four kinds of additives on serum triglyceride(TG)were lowering effect but not significant(P>0.05).HDL-C content at the four kinds of additives treatment compared with control were not significantly different(P>0.05).four kinds of additives treatment TC and HDL-C ratio decreased with the control,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).The test A group additives of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)reduced significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the control,the LDL-C content of A、B and D three groups were decreased by 27.33%,24.42%and 26.16%,but did not reach significant difference(P>0.05),and the layers serum of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(VLDL-C)was reduced significantly by the group C additives(P<0.05).(5)Effect on serum traits in laying hens;Compared with control,The test A and B groups of hens serum total protein(TP)content were increased 8.63%and 4.89%,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).While the serum TP content of C and D groups were improved significantly than control group(P<0.05).The hens serum albumin(ALB)of test groups were increased significantly than control group(P<0.05);at the same time,the hens serum urea nitrogen content of B、C and D test groups were decreased by 17.09%,18.36%and 15.24%,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).All test groups of hens serum calcium and phosphorus were no significant(P>0.05).Description additive effective improved blood metabolic aspects,and C,A groups performed better.(6)Economic of 80 weeks old hens;Compared with control,Test A,B,C three groups brought economic benefits were 2.72%,0.96%,4.95%;therefore,laying hens from economic point of view,the best experimental group C,followed by the A group,and then followed by group B.Trial 2:This experiment was conducted to study the effect of alfalfa extract on production performance,egg quality and lipids blood biochemical of parameters in Roman layers of 40 weeks-old.Three hundred sixty Roman layers of 40 weeks-old were divided into four treatment groups with 6 replicates and 15 birds per replicate.Control was fed basal diet,test E,F,G group s basal diet supplemented with alfalfa extract of No.Ⅰ,No.Ⅱ,No.Ⅴ,the alfalfa extract add to three treatment groups with 2000mg/kg together.Results showed:(1)Effect of performance in 40 weeks old of laying hens;Compared with control,All test groups of egg production,feed intake was increased,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).Test E,F,G three groups decreased feed egg ratio than control group,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,average egg weight of the experimental group A were increased significantly(P<0.05);(2)Effect on egg quality in 40 weeks-old laying hens;Compared with control,eggshell thickness were increased by 2.33%and 2.33%;but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).While the test group E eggshell thickness was higher significantly(P<0.05);Haugh unit were increased higher significantly than control group(P<0.05);While the egg yolk color of the test group E was higher significantly than control group.Compared with control,three experimental treatments cholesterol,triglyceride levels were decreased,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).Yolk calcium and phosphorus content was not significantly different(P>0.05).Group F test yolk fat was significantly higher,while the E,G group and the control group had no significant difference(P>0.05).Experimental group E yolk crude protein was significantly lower than the control group,while F,G group and the control group was not significant(P>0.05).(3)Effect on serum antioxidant indices in 40 weeks-old laying hens;Compared with control,test F group of layers serum glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)activity was increased higher significantly(P<0.05);while test F group of layers serum total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)activity was increased higher than control group(P<0.01);laying serum total antioxidant capacity among the various treatment groups(T-AOC)no significant difference(P>0.05);test E,F,G three groups of hens serum malondialdehyde(MDA)content decreased 8.37%(P>0.05),23.68%(P<0.05)and 20.10%(P<0.05);serum antioxidant described in terms of laying hens,the best test was F group.(4)Effect on serum lipids in 40 weeks-old laying hens;Compared with control,Test E,F,G three groups of layers serum cholesterol(TC)content were decreased by 30.82%(P<0.01),23.26%(P<0.01)and 14.80%(P<0.01);3 additives could reduce egg serum triglyceride(TG)content,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).High-density lipoprotein cholesterol content between various treatments(HDL-C)was not significantly different(P>O.05).Total cholesterol(TC)of three kinds additives treatment and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)ratio was decreased compared with the control,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).Test E,F,G three groups of chicken serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)was reduced by 32.52%(P>0.05),38.06%(P<0.05)and 37.86%(P>0.05);Test E,F,G three groups of layers serum very low density lipoprotein cholesterol(VLDL)content decreased by 4.82%(P>0.05),17.05%(P<0.05)and 12.37%(P>0.05);It was explained that in lower layers lipid levels,the experimental group F best.(5)Effect on serum traits in 40 weeks old laying hens;Compared with control,all test group of layer total serum protein test groups,albumin,calcium,phosphorus no significant effect(P>0.05);Test E,F,G three groups of layers serum urea nitrogen were decreased by 7.91%(P<0.05),8.55%(P<0.05)and 9.57%(P<0.05).(6)Economic of 40 weeks old hens;Compared with the control group,test E,F,G three groups of laying hens were-1.07%cost increase,3.81%and 3.02%;It was illustrated that experimental F group of additives can bring better economic benefits.In summary,"Yu Mu No.1" alfalfa extract on Roman improved production performance of laying hens and improved egg quality with good results."Yu Mu No.1"alfalfa extract layers mainly by regulating the body’s cholesterol metabolism,increased serum antioxidant capacity and metabolism of nutrients to improve performance of laying hens and egg quality improvement Component analysis showed that "Yu Mu No.1" alfalfa extract was rich in saponins,flavonoids and polysaccharides and other bioactive components."Yu Mu No.1" alfalfa extract as a feed additive effect and function may take advantage of these bioactive components.This study shows that 80-weeks-old Roman hens performance was better in No.Ⅲ,No.Ⅰ alfalfa extract;and 40-weeks-old Roman laying hens was better in No.Ⅱ alfalfa extract. |
PDF Full Text Request