| Fruit color and pigment content are the major factors to decide commercial value high or low for tomato varieties.Fruit color also is the primary reference condition of that consumers screen tomato fruit in the supermarket.Pigment content also can be used as evaluation index of tomato fruit nutritional value high or low.So the objective of this work was to explore the inheritance for fruit color characters and main pigment content in tomato,so that provide breeders with more genetic information that can be used in tomato breeding.In this experiment,the green fruit tomato 'Lu Ying'(Pi)was the main research object.By using it as the female parent crossed with red fruit tomato 'TTD1003A'(P2),purple fruit tomato 'Zi Ying'(P3)and orange fruit tomato 'Jin Zhu No.1'(P4)(in turn called cross ?,cross ? and cross ?),respectively,we build three genetic groups including six generations.And the ripened fruit color,pericarp color,flesh color and jelly color of the three genetic groups were observes and count by the standard color cards,so that we can make a genetic analysis for them as a quality traits and a quantitative traits.At the same time,we also make a quantitative characters genetic analysis for chlorophyll,lycopene and carotene content ripe fruit of the three genetic groups,respectively.The results of inheritance research on fruit color for tomato:1.For the genetic group generated by using green tomato and red tomato:In F2 generation separation groups,the separation of fruit color was red:brown:yellow:green =9:3:3:1;Pericarp color was yellow:transparency = 3:1;Flesh color was Red:light yellow:light green = 12:3:1,respectively,which showed that the fruit color,pericarp color and flesh color fitted the Mendel law,and controlled by two pairs,one pair and two pairs nuclear genes respectively;And these two pairs nuclear gene of flesh color have an epistatic effect.The fruit green color to red,pericarp transparency color to yellow and the flesh light green color to red are recessive.The genetics between pericarp and flesh color were completely independent.However the jelly color was relatively complex for that its separation did not present a classic Mendel separation ratio.In addition,the genetics of tomato fruit color was accord with the two additive-dominance-epitasis main genes plus additive-dominance polygene(MX2-ADI-AD).For F2 generation,the genetic rate of main gene genetic rate was 76%?89%and the multi-genes were near 0.2.For the genetic group generated by using green tomato and purple tomato:In FZ generation separation groups,the separation of fruit color was green:purple = 3:1;Flesh color was Light green:dark red = 3:1,respectively,which showed that fruit color and flesh color fitted the Mendel law,and both of them controlled by one pair of nuclear genes;The fruit green color to purple and the flesh light green color to dark red are recessive.That pericarp color was transparency and jelly color was green in each generation showed that the two traits genotypes of the parents are homozygous.In addition,the genetics of tomato fruit color was accord with the one additive-dominance main gene plus additive-dominance-epitasis polygene(MX 1-AD-ADI);That its main genetic rate in F2,BC1 and BC2 is 88%,63%and 82%,and polygenic rate is 9%,11%and 14%,respectively.3.For the genetic group generated by using green tomato and orange tomato:In F2 generation separation groups,the separation of fruit color was orange:red:yellow:green=9:3:3:1;Pericarp color was yellow:transparency = 3:1;Flesh color was Light orange,light red,light yellow,light green = 9:3:3:1,respectively,which showed that fruit color,pericarp color and flesh color fitted the Mendel law,and controlled by two pairs,one pair and two pairs nuclear genes respectively;The fruit green color to orange,pericarp transparency color to yellow and the flesh light green color to light orange are recessive.The genetics between pericarp and flesh color were completely independent.However the jelly color was relatively complex for that its separation did not present a classic Mendel separation ratio.In addition,the genetics of tomato fruit color was accord with two main additive gene plus additive-dominant polygene inheritance(MX2-A-AD).For F2,BCi and BC2 generation,its main genetic rate was 61%?78%,and polygene rate was 15%?35%.In conclusion,genetic of fruit color between different tomato varieties was different.But the results of the major-gene plus multi-gene of quantitative traits genetic analysis method in plant show that the main genetic rate is greater than the rate of polygenic inheritance of green fruit color cross with other color fruits.So the tomato fruit color should be selected in early generation.The results of inheritance research on main pigment content in tomato:1.The genetics of chlorophyll content in cross ?,cross ? and cross ? are fitted with the two additive-dominance-epitasis main gene plus additive-dominant polygene(MX2-ADI-AD),one additive-dominance main gene plus additive-dominant-epitasis polygene(MX1-AD-ADI)and one equal additive-negative dominance-main gene plus additive-dominance polygene(MX1-AEND-AD),respectively.Among them,the main genetic rate of the cross ? and cross ? were 3 8%?88%and 62%?77%,respectively,and the rate of polygenic inheritance are low to 0;However main genetic rate in cross? was 1%,and polygene inheritance at a rate of 38%.These results show that genetic regulars of chlorophyll content in different fruit color varieties of tomatoes are different.2.The genetics of lycopene content in cross ?,cross ? and cross? are fitted with the two additive-dominance-epitasis main gene plus additive-dominance-epitasis polygene(MX2-ADI-ADI),two additive-dominance-epitasis main gene plus additive-dominant polygene(MX2-ADI-AD),and two additive-dominance-epitasis main gene plus additive-dominance polygene(MX2-ADI-AD),respectively showing that the three genetic models are very close to each other.The main genetic rate is greater than the rate of polygenic inheritance,thus speculated that heredity of lycopene content between different fruit color are relative stability.3.The genetics of carotene content in cross ?,cross ? and cross? are fitted with one additive-dominance main gene plus additive-dominance-epitasis polygene(MX1-AD-ADI),two additive-dominance-epitasis main gene plus additive-dominance-epitasis polygene(MX2-ADI-ADI)and two additive-dominance-epitasis main gene plus additive-dominance polygene(MX2-ADI-AD),respectively.The main genetic rate in cross ? is less than the rate of polygenic inheritance.However,the main genetic rate were greater than the rate of polygenic inheritance in cross ? and cross?.These results show that genetic of carotene in different fruit color of tomato varieties are different. |
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