Effect Of 40 ? On Development Of Capped Worker Brood Of Apis Mellifera Ligustica

Honeybee is a social insect.In the process of evolution,the colony has an outstanding capacity of regulating temperature in the hive,in which they maintain the center temperature at 34?35? to ensure the normal development of brood.The colony needs to consume a lot of energy to maintain such a narrow temperature range,which means that temperature is very important for honeybee's development.In this paper,the capped worker brood of Apis mellifera ligustica were incubated at 35?(the optimum temperature for brood development)to 0?9 day old,and then treated at 40 ? for 8,16,24,32,40,48,60,72,80 h.Finally,we incubated them at 35 ? until emergence.We investigated mortality rate,development period,emergence weight and wing vein mutants.The results were as follows:(1)For mortality,the 2-day-old capped worker brood was the most sensitive to the 40 ?,and the 5-day-old has better heat resistance.The 2-day-old capped worker brood all died when treated at 40 ? just for 32 h,whereas the-5-day-old all died at 80 h.Nearly before or after pupation,and before emergence is the sensitive period at 40?.(2)Development period and emergence weight were close to those of the control group.The same age development period became longer as the treated time increased.(3)In terms of morphological index,the length of proboscis in 0-3 day old capped worker brood,wing length and wing width in 0?5 day old were shorter than those of the control group.But the effect on the 3 or 4 dorsal plate length were much less.(4)More wing mutation types and higher mutation rate were observed in 0?5 day old capped worker brood,while they rarely occured in other age samples.With the process of treating,the wing mutation types and mutation rates were both increased.A total of 15 mutation types were observed,including 4 types of newborn vein,10 types of missing vein and 1 type of the both.