| A lot of researchs have been done of winter wheat yield formation and utilization efficiency of water and nitrogen under rain fed and well motor-pumped well irrigated conditions, but the research about influence of winter wheat yield formation and utilization efficiency of water under integration of water and fertilizer planting technology have not been reported. A field experiment was conducted during 2013-2014 in Gaocheng County, Hebei Province, with a winter wheat cultivar Shimai18. The experiment was designed as comparative test of saving nitrogen & ground irrigation pattern(SNGP), limited nitrogen & spray irrigation pattern(LNSP) and limited nitrogen & limited water & spray irrigation pattern(LNWSP), studied the different water and nitrogen management patterns on winter wheat yield formation, compared the differences of water and nitrogen production efficiency. The main results showed as follows:1. The population culms per hectare at double ridge, jointing, booting stages of SNGP was significantly higher than LNSP and LNWSP, the spike number at maturity showed LNWSP > LNSP > SNGP and every two patterns were insignificant each other; total spiking percentage and tiller spiking percentage at maturity shows LNWSP > LNSP > SNGP, among them LNWSP and LNSP were significantly higher SNGP, the total spike number and total spiking percentage reach 8,389,000/ha and 37.60%.2. The max leaf area index shows SNGP > LNSP > LNWSP, SNGP was significantly higher than others, different patterns are insignificant after anthesis; net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves and SPAD value of SNGP were slightly higher than others at early of anthesis and LNWSP was higher than others at later; dry matter accumulation at maturity showed LNWSP > LNSP > SNGP, but every two patterns were insignificant each other; dry matter translocation amount stored in vegetative organs showed LNWSP > LNSP > SNGP after anthesis, every two patterns did not reach significant level; while dry matter accumulation in vegetative organs of SNGP is the highest, the difference was not significant between them.3. Nitrogen accumulation before jointing of different patterns was not significant and after jointing stage each stage showed SNGP was significantly higher than LNWSP and LNSP; Grain nitrogen accumulation showed the opposite trend, nitrogen translocation to grain of LNWSP and LNSP before anthesis was significantly higher than SNGP, nitrogen accumulation to grain of SNGP after anthesis was higher than others; nitrogen content of grain of LNWSP was the highest, grain protein content had the same trend with nitrogen content of grain.4. LNWSP had longer spike length, more sterile spikelet and less pregnant spikelet;kernels per spike showed SNGP > LNSP > LNWSP,and its difference was not significant; the 1000-grains weight of LNWSP is significantly higher than others; the grain yield per hectare of 3 water-nitrogen patterns is more than 9.6 t, and it performances LNWSP > LNSP > SNGP, while its differences was not significant.5. Nitrogen production efficiency, nitrogen dry matter production efficiency and Nitrogen harvest index showed LNWSP > LNSP > SNGP and LNWSP, LNSP were significant higher than SNGP; the total water consumption of LNSP and LNWSP reduced 34.12 mm and 61.35 mm, the farmland water consumption percentage of LNSP and LNWSP improved 15.36% and 16.14%, The water production efficiency and production efficiency of irrigation water showed LNWSP > LNSP > SNGP and LNWSP and LNSP were significant higher than SNGP, the 6.water production efficiency and production efficiency of irrigation water improved 3.46 kg/m3 and 4.78 kg/m3.The integration of water and fertilizer spraying pattern with nitrogen 195 kg/ha and irrigation 105 mm(45 mm at jointing stage, 30 mm at anthesis and 30 mm at filling stage) is the optimum water-nitrogen management pattern to super-high-yield winter wheat production in hebei plain. It can Synchronously implement to maintain the high grain yield and enhance the water and nitrogen usage efficiency. |
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