| Through analyzing planting tobacco soil samplings of ChangTing county,we knowed that the current soil fertility condiyions of planting tobacco soil in ChangTing conuty;then adopted the method of field experiment to studied the improvement effect of different fertilizer measures on planting tobacco soil fertility and the influence of tobacco leaf quality,and discussed the conditions of nutrients in the soil with runoff erosion and leakage,these guided the farmers rational and correct fertilization and provided reference for raising the quality of tobacco leaf.1.The results of analysising planting tobacco soil samplings of ChangTing county indicated that:the pH of ChangTing planting tobacco soil was 5.22 on average,pH<5.5 accounted for 73.79%of the total samples,suggesting the soil pH value was generally low and the soil was partial acid soil;the number of Organic matter content in 20g/kg-30g/kg accounted for 49.52%,suggesting soil organic matter content was medium or low;the average content of total N was 1.67g/kg,and the average content of alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen was 138.06mg/kg,the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen was lower;total P content of planting tobacco soil was 0.77g/kg on average,and the available P content was 41.65mg/kg,it belonged to adequate P smoke zone;the available K content of soil was 33.33mg/kg-266.67mg/k,available K content was less than 150mg/kg accounting for 72.81%of thesoil samples,soil available K content was low;But the supply of exchangeable calcium was lower than 400mg/kg accounting for 40.78%,and the tobacco-growing areas were in the potential lack state.Soil exchangeable magnesium content was an average of 39.98mg/kg,less than 50mg/kg of the total number of samples accounted for 77.67%,the results showed that the capacity of exchangeable magnesium was low;The content of soil available copper was 0.61mg/kg-6.99 mg/kg,80.58%soil samples was more than 2.00mg/kg,there was an abundance of commodity supplies on the copper;Soil available zinc content was higher than 1.5mg/kg accounting for 96.12%,which showed that the content of soil available zinc was enough to supply the normal growth of tobacco plant;soil available boron content was more than 0.4mg/kg accounted for 2.91%of the soil samples,it showed that the supplies capable of available boron was seriously;about 50.49%of soil samples were short of chlorine,the available chlorine content in 50.49%soil samples were less than 15mg/kg.2.The results of different fertilizer measures made clear that:60 days after transplant,the soil pH value of treatment 3(using quicklime 30kg/mu)was 4,89,quicklime had a modulatory role in soil acidity;The soil organic matter content of treatment 7(using straw 200 kg/mu)increased by 1.14%-12.75%than other treatments;the alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen content of treatment 2(using nitrification inhibitors)was 131.35mg/kg,which higher 0.75%-17.08%than other treatments;and the soil available P content of treatment 7 was 47.32mg/kg,the soil available P content increased by 2.23%-25.48%;the soil available K content of treatment 7 was 92.16mg/kg,which was higher than other treatment from 0.05%to 16.97%;the soil exchangeable calcium and magnesium content of treatment 4(calcium superphosphate and calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer each accounted for 50%)was respectively increased by 27.47%-40.89%and 27.27%-40.90%;the content of soil available copper of treatment 7 was interasted by 1.4%-7%;the enhancement of soil available zinc was in treatment 4,which was 11.82mg/kg,the soil available zinc content of treatment 4 was higher 0.76%-39.05%than other treatments.The activity of Soil urease of treatment 2(using nitrification inhibitors)was 329.86?g/g/d,which was higher 10.86%than conventional fertilization treatment;the increaseing of treatment 7 soil catalase activity was 1.78%-42.5%than other treatments;the activity of Soil phosphatase of treatment 7 was higher than others from 1.2%to 27.92%;the activity of soil sucrase of treatment 7 was higher 0.94%-11.69%than others,which was 536.22?g/g/d;the amounts of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi in soil in treatment 7 were higher than others,which were 4.38×10~5cfu/ml,1.83×10~5cfu/ml and 3.57×103cfu/ml,respectively;80 days after transplant,Treatment 2(using nitrification inhibitors)the root activity of tobacco plant was higher than others from 3.58%to 35.08%.3.The results of field experiment showed that:60 days after transplant,the plant heihgt of treatment 2(using nitrification inhibitors)was 125.5 lcm,the increase of plant height was higher 2.32%-8,76%than other treatments,the growth of tobacco was better;the largest tobacco leaf width of treatment 2 was 56.11cm,which was higher 0.21%-5.67%than other treatments.After baking,under the conditions of applying nitrification inhibitors,the amount of dry matter accumulation was 163.78g/strain,which higher 6.79%-17.32%than other trestments;Under using nitrification inhibitors treatment conditions,the yield and output value,average price of tobacco respectively were 180.16kg/mu,3356.34yuan/mu,18.63yuan/kg,which were higher 6.79%-17.32%,3.73%-25.68%,0.27%-7.13%than others;the nitrogen content of the upper,middle,lower part of tobacco leaves were 2.10%,2.04%,1.74%.the amount of nicotine about upper,middle tobacco leaves were respectively3.02%,2.73%;and the tobacco leaf nitrogen/alkali,total sugar/alkali ratio of treatment 2 was more appropriately,which was conducive to improve the quality of tobacco leaf and industrial availability.4.The field experiment results indicated that:treatment 2(using nitrification inhibitors)of nitrogen fertilizer utilization ratio reached 38.76%;treatment 4(calcium superphosphate and calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer each accounted for 50%)of phosphate fertilizer utilization ratio was higher than other treatments,which reached 16.68%;Treatment 7(using straw 200 kg/mu)utilization rate of k reached 39.34%,the effect was better than others.the utilization coefficient of soil alkaline hydrolysis n,available p,available k were 0.1627,0.10~57,0.3544,respectively.Under the using nitrification inhibitors conditions,the loss of total N,total P,total K respectively were 481.08g/mu,109.44g/mu,277.41g/mu with runoff water,which were lower 13.16%-23.16%,10.72%-28.41%,24.01%-33.67%than other treatments;On April 22,for example,Under the conditions of applying nitrification inhibitors,the concentrations of total N,total P,total K respectively were 18.78mg/L,0.25mg/L,3.01mg/L with leakage water,which lower than other treatments.It was preliminary suggested that:for seasonable tobacco plants,applying nitrification inhibitors was better for tobacco plant growing,and the advantages of agronomic characters,economic characters of tobacco plant and tobacco leaf quality were obvious,treatment 2(using nitrification inhibitors)the soil nutrient loss and leakage caused by runoff was less than other treatments;And rice straw and biomass carbon was beneficial to soil enzyme activity,microbial and root activity. |
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